Tree to String Models
Tree to string models use rich source side language representation to translate into unannotated word sequences in the target language.
Tree To String is the main subject of 33 publications. 9 are discussed here.
Publications
Similarity between the source syntax tree and the derivation tree during decoding may be used as a soft constraint
Zhou, Bowen and Xiang, Bing and Zhu, Xiaodan and Gao, Yuqing (2008):
Prior Derivation Models For Formally Syntax-Based Translation Using Linguistically Syntactic Parsing and Tree Kernels, Proceedings of the ACL-08: HLT Second Workshop on Syntax and Structure in Statistical Translation (SSST-2)
@InProceedings{zhou-EtAl:2008:SSST,
author = {Zhou, Bowen and Xiang, Bing and Zhu, Xiaodan and Gao, Yuqing},
title = {Prior Derivation Models For Formally Syntax-Based Translation Using Linguistically Syntactic Parsing and Tree Kernels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACL-08:~HLT Second Workshop on Syntax and Structure in Statistical Translation (SSST-2)},
month = {June},
address = {Columbus, Ohio},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {19--27},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W08/W08-0403},
year = 2008
}
(Zhou et al., 2008). Similarly, nonterminals in rule applications that match the source syntax tree could be flagged in a feature
Marton, Yuval and Resnik, Philip (2008):
Soft Syntactic Constraints for Hierarchical Phrased-Based Translation, Proceedings of ACL-08: HLT
@InProceedings{marton-resnik:2008:ACLMain,
author = {Marton, Yuval and Resnik, Philip},
title = {Soft Syntactic Constraints for Hierarchical Phrased-Based Translation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of ACL-08: HLT},
month = {June},
address = {Columbus, Ohio},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {1003--1011},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P08/P08-1114},
year = 2008
}
(Marton and Resnik, 2008).
Syntax-directed translation parses the input first and uses the parse structure to guide the output phrase generation
Huang, Liang and Knight, Kevin and Joshi, Aravind (2006):
A Syntax-Directed Translator with Extended Domain of Locality, Proceedings of the Workshop on Computationally Hard Problems and Joint Inference in Speech and Language Processing
@InProceedings{huang-knight-joshi:2006:CHPJI-NLP,
author = {Huang, Liang and Knight, Kevin and Joshi, Aravind},
title = {A Syntax-Directed Translator with Extended Domain of Locality},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Computationally Hard Problems and Joint Inference in Speech and Language Processing},
month = {June},
address = {New York City, New York},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {1--8},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W06/W06-3601},
year = 2006
}
(Huang et al., 2006;
Liang Huang and Kevin Knight and Aravind Joshi (2006):
Statistical Syntax-Directed Translation with Extended Domain of Locality, 5th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA)
@InProceedings{Huang:2006:AMTA,
author = {Liang Huang and Kevin Knight and Aravind Joshi},
title = {Statistical Syntax-Directed Translation with Extended Domain of Locality},
url = {
http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~lhuang3/amta06-sdtedl.pdf},
googlescholar = {5458523100913587626},
booktitle = {5th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA)},
month = {August},
address = {Boston, Massachusetts},
year = 2006
}
Huang et al., 2006b).
Liu, Ding and Gildea, Daniel (2008):
Improved Tree-to-String Transducer for Machine Translation, Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation
@InProceedings{liu-gildea:2008:WMT,
author = {Liu, Ding and Gildea, Daniel},
title = {Improved Tree-to-String Transducer for Machine Translation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
month = {June},
address = {Columbus, Ohio},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {62--69},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W08/W08-0308},
year = 2008
}
Liu and Gildea (2008) extend this work by adding semantic role labels and changing parameter estimation.
A simpler method follows the phrase-based approach but informs phrase selection with shallow source trees
Langlais, Philippe and Gotti, Fabrizio (2006):
Phrase-Based SMT with Shallow Tree-Phrases, Proceedings on the Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation
@InProceedings{langlais-gotti:2006:WMT,
author = {Langlais, Philippe and Gotti, Fabrizio},
title = {Phrase-Based {SMT} with Shallow Tree-Phrases},
booktitle = {Proceedings on the Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation},
month = {June},
address = {New York City},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {39--46},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W06/W06-3106},
year = 2006
}
(Langlais and Gotti, 2006). Given the segmentation into phrases and a source syntax tree, both the structural changes to the tree to fit the phrases and reordering of the restructured phrase tree may inform better translations
Nguyen, Thai Phuong and Shimazu, Akira and Ho, Tu Bao and Nguyen, Minh Le and Nguyen, Vinh Van (2008):
A Tree-to-String Phrase-based Model for Statistical Machine Translation, CoNLL 2008: Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning
@InProceedings{nguyen-EtAl:2008:CONLL,
author = {Nguyen, Thai Phuong and Shimazu, Akira and Ho, Tu Bao and Nguyen, Minh Le and Nguyen, Vinh Van},
title = {A Tree-to-String Phrase-based Model for Statistical Machine Translation},
booktitle = {CoNLL 2008: Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning},
month = {August},
address = {Manchester, England},
publisher = {Coling 2008 Organizing Committee},
pages = {143--150},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W08/W08-2119},
year = 2008
}
(Nguyen et al., 2008).
Building on the hierarchical phrase based model,
Zhang, Dongdong and Li, Mu and Li, Chi-Ho and Zhou, Ming (2007):
Phrase Reordering Model Integrating Syntactic Knowledge for SMT, Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL)
@InProceedings{zhang-EtAl:2007:EMNLP-CoNLL2007,
author = {Zhang, Dongdong and Li, Mu and Li, Chi-Ho and Zhou, Ming},
title = {Phrase Reordering Model Integrating Syntactic Knowledge for {SMT}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL)},
pages = {533--540},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D/D07/D07-1056},
year = 2007
}
Zhang et al. (2007) use syntactic annotation of the input to make a distinction between linguistic and non-linguistic phrases.
Hopkins, Mark and Kuhn, Jonas (2007):
Machine Translation as Tree Labeling, Proceedings of SSST, NAACL-HLT 2007 / AMTA Workshop on Syntax and Structure in Statistical Translation
@InProceedings{hopkins-kuhn:2007:SSST,
author = {Hopkins, Mark and Kuhn, Jonas},
title = {Machine Translation as Tree Labeling},
booktitle = {Proceedings of SSST, NAACL-HLT 2007 / AMTA Workshop on Syntax and Structure in Statistical Translation},
month = {April},
address = {Rochester, New York},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {41--48},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W07/W07-0406},
year = 2007
}
Hopkins and Kuhn (2007) present a tree-to-string model with best-first search.
Benchmarks
Discussion
Related Topics
New Publications
Graham Neubig (2013):
Travatar: A Forest-to-String Machine Translation Engine based on Tree Transducers, Proceedings of the ACL Demonstration Track
@inproceedings{neubig13travatar,
author = {Graham Neubig},
title = {Travatar: A Forest-to-String Machine Translation Engine based on Tree Transducers},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACL Demonstration Track},
address = {Sofia, Bulgaria},
month = {August},
year = 2013
}
Neubig (2013)
Li, Liangyou and Way, Andy and Liu, Qun (2015):
Dependency Graph-to-String Translation, Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
@InProceedings{li-way-liu:2015:EMNLP,
author = {Li, Liangyou and Way, Andy and Liu, Qun},
title = {Dependency Graph-to-String Translation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
month = {September},
address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {33--43},
url = {
http://aclweb.org/anthology/D15-1004},
year = 2015
}
Li et al. (2015)
Hanneman, Greg and Lavie, Alon (2013):
Improving Syntax-Augmented Machine Translation by Coarsening the Label Set, Proceedings of the 2013 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies
@InProceedings{hanneman-lavie:2013:NAACL-HLT,
author = {Hanneman, Greg and Lavie, Alon},
title = {Improving Syntax-Augmented Machine Translation by Coarsening the Label Set},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2013 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
month = {June},
address = {Atlanta, Georgia},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {288--297},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N13-1029},
year = 2013
}
Hanneman and Lavie (2013)
Xie, Jun and Xu, Jinan and Liu, Qun (2014):
Augment Dependency-to-String Translation with Fixed and Floating Structures, Proceedings of COLING 2014, the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Technical Papers
@InProceedings{xie-xu-liu:2014:Coling,
author = {Xie, Jun and Xu, Jinan and Liu, Qun},
title = {Augment Dependency-to-String Translation with Fixed and Floating Structures},
booktitle = {Proceedings of COLING 2014, the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Technical Papers},
month = {August},
address = {Dublin, Ireland},
publisher = {Dublin City University and Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {2217--2226},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C14-1209},
year = 2014
}
Xie et al. (2014)
Li, Liangyou and Xie, Jun and Way, Andy and Liu, Qun (2014):
Transformation and Decomposition for Efficiently Implementing and Improving Dependency-to-String Model In Moses, Proceedings of SSST-8, Eighth Workshop on Syntax, Semantics and Structure in Statistical Translation
@InProceedings{li-EtAl:2014:SSST-8,
author = {Li, Liangyou and Xie, Jun and Way, Andy and Liu, Qun},
title = {Transformation and Decomposition for Efficiently Implementing and Improving Dependency-to-String Model In Moses},
booktitle = {Proceedings of SSST-8, Eighth Workshop on Syntax, Semantics and Structure in Statistical Translation},
month = {October},
address = {Doha, Qatar},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {122--131},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W14-4014},
year = 2014
}
Li et al. (2014)
Cmejrek, Martin and Mi, Haitao and Zhou, Bowen (2013):
Flexible and Efficient Hypergraph Interactions for Joint Hierarchical and Forest-to-String Decoding, Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
@InProceedings{cmejrek-mi-zhou:2013:EMNLP,
author = {Cmejrek, Martin and Mi, Haitao and Zhou, Bowen},
title = {Flexible and Efficient Hypergraph Interactions for Joint Hierarchical and Forest-to-String Decoding},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
month = {October},
address = {Seattle, Washington, USA},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {545--555},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D13-1052},
year = 2013
}
Cmejrek et al. (2013)
Huang, Zhongqiang and Devlin, Jacob and Zbib, Rabih (2013):
Factored Soft Source Syntactic Constraints for Hierarchical Machine Translation, Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
@InProceedings{huang-devlin-zbib:2013:EMNLP,
author = {Huang, Zhongqiang and Devlin, Jacob and Zbib, Rabih},
title = {Factored Soft Source Syntactic Constraints for Hierarchical Machine Translation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
month = {October},
address = {Seattle, Washington, USA},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {556--566},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D13-1053},
year = 2013
}
Huang et al. (2013)
Meng, Fandong and Xie, Jun and Song, Linfeng and Lü, Yajuan and Liu, Qun (2013):
Translation with Source Constituency and Dependency Trees, Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
@InProceedings{meng-EtAl:2013:EMNLP,
author = {Meng, Fandong and Xie, Jun and Song, Linfeng and L\"{u}, Yajuan and Liu, Qun},
title = {Translation with Source Constituency and Dependency Trees},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
month = {October},
address = {Seattle, Washington, USA},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {1066--1076},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D13-1108},
year = 2013
}
Meng et al. (2013)
Cmejrek, Martin (2014):
Reordering Model for Forest-to-String Machine Translation, Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)
@InProceedings{cmejrek:2014:EMNLP2014,
author = {Cmejrek, Martin},
title = {Reordering Model for Forest-to-String Machine Translation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)},
month = {October},
address = {Doha, Qatar},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {227--232},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D14-1029},
year = 2014
}
Cmejrek (2014)
Neubig, Graham and Duh, Kevin (2014):
On the Elements of an Accurate Tree-to-String Machine Translation System, Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)
@InProceedings{neubig-duh:2014:P14-2,
author = {Neubig, Graham and Duh, Kevin},
title = {On the Elements of an Accurate Tree-to-String Machine Translation System},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)},
month = {June},
address = {Baltimore, Maryland},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {143--149},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P14-2024},
year = 2014
}
Neubig and Duh (2014)
Neubig, Graham (2013):
Travatar: A Forest-to-String Machine Translation Engine based on Tree Transducers, Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations
@InProceedings{neubig:2013:SystemDemo,
author = {Neubig, Graham},
title = {Travatar: A Forest-to-String Machine Translation Engine based on Tree Transducers},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations},
month = {August},
address = {Sofia, Bulgaria},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {91--96},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P13-4016},
year = 2013
}
Neubig (2013)
Mi, Haitao and Huang, Liang and Liu, Qun (2010):
Machine Translation with Lattices and Forests, Coling 2010: Posters
@InProceedings{mi-huang-liu:2010:POSTERS,
author = {Mi, Haitao and Huang, Liang and Liu, Qun},
title = {Machine Translation with Lattices and Forests},
booktitle = {Coling 2010: Posters},
month = {August},
address = {Beijing, China},
publisher = {Coling 2010 Organizing Committee},
pages = {837--845},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C10-2096},
year = 2010
}
Mi et al. (2010)
Zhai, Feifei and Zhang, Jiajun and Zhou, Yu and Zong, Chengqing (2012):
Tree-based Translation without using Parse Trees, Proceedings of COLING 2012
@InProceedings{zhai-EtAl:2012:PAPERS2,
author = {Zhai, Feifei and Zhang, Jiajun and Zhou, Yu and Zong, Chengqing},
title = {Tree-based Translation without using Parse Trees},
booktitle = {Proceedings of COLING 2012},
month = {December},
address = {Mumbai, India},
publisher = {The COLING 2012 Organizing Committee},
pages = {3037--3054},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C12-1186},
year = 2012
}
Zhai et al. (2012)
Hassan, Hany and Sima'an, Khalil and Way, Andy (2009):
A Syntactified Direct Translation Model with Linear-time Decoding, Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
@InProceedings{hassan-simaan-way:2009:EMNLP,
author = {Hassan, Hany and Sima'an, Khalil and Way, Andy},
title = {A Syntactified Direct Translation Model with Linear-time Decoding},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
month = {August},
address = {Singapore},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {1182--1191},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D/D09/D09-1123},
year = 2009
}
Hassan et al. (2009)
Feng, Yang and Zhang, Dongdong and Li, Mu and Liu, Qun (2012):
Hierarchical Chunk-to-String Translation, Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)
@InProceedings{feng-EtAl:2012:ACL2012,
author = {Feng, Yang and Zhang, Dongdong and Li, Mu and Liu, Qun},
title = {Hierarchical Chunk-to-String Translation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)},
month = {July},
address = {Jeju Island, Korea},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {950--958},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-1100},
year = 2012
}
Feng et al. (2012)
Zhang, Hui and Chiang, David (2012):
An Exploration of Forest-to-String Translation: Does Translation Help or Hurt Parsing?, Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)
@InProceedings{zhang-chiang:2012:ACL2012short,
author = {Zhang, Hui and Chiang, David},
title = {An Exploration of Forest-to-String Translation: Does Translation Help or Hurt Parsing?},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)},
month = {July},
address = {Jeju Island, Korea},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {317--321},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P12-2062},
year = 2012
}
Zhang and Chiang (2012)
Hwidong Na Jong-Hyeok Lee (2012):
Forest-to-string translation using binarized dependency forest for IWSLT 2012 OLYMPICS task, Proceedings of the seventh International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT)
@inproceedings{iwslt12:Na,
author = {Hwidong Na Jong-Hyeok Lee},
title = {Forest-to-string translation using binarized dependency forest for {IWSLT} 2012 {OLYMPICS} task},
url = {
http://www.mt-archive.info/IWSLT-2012-Na.pdf},
pages = {130-135},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the seventh International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT)},
location = {Hong Kong},
year = 2012
}
Lee (2012)
Liu, Ding and Gildea, Daniel (2009):
Bayesian Learning of Phrasal Tree-to-String Templates, Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
@InProceedings{liu-gildea:2009:EMNLP,
author = {Liu, Ding and Gildea, Daniel},
title = {Bayesian Learning of Phrasal Tree-to-String Templates},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
month = {August},
address = {Singapore},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {1308--1317},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D/D09/D09-1136},
year = 2009
}
Liu and Gildea (2009)
Zhang, Hui and Zhang, Min and Li, Haizhou and Aw, Aiti and Tan, Chew Lim (2009):
Forest-based Tree Sequence to String Translation Model, Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP
@InProceedings{zhang-EtAl:2009:ACLIJCNLP1,
author = {Zhang, Hui and Zhang, Min and Li, Haizhou and Aw, Aiti and Tan, Chew Lim},
title = {Forest-based Tree Sequence to String Translation Model},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP},
month = {August},
address = {Suntec, Singapore},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {172--180},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P09/P09-1020},
year = 2009
}
Zhang et al. (2009)
Wu, Xianchao and Matsuzaki, Takuya and Tsujii, Jun'ichi (2010):
Fine-Grained Tree-to-String Translation Rule Extraction, Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
@InProceedings{wu-matsuzaki-tsujii:2010:ACL,
author = {Wu, Xianchao and Matsuzaki, Takuya and Tsujii, Jun'ichi},
title = {Fine-Grained Tree-to-String Translation Rule Extraction},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
month = {July},
address = {Uppsala, Sweden},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {325--334},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P10-1034},
year = 2010
}
Wu et al. (2010)
Hoang, Hieu and Koehn, Philipp (2010):
Improved Translation with Source Syntax Labels, Proceedings of the Joint Fifth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation and MetricsMATR
@InProceedings{hoang-koehn:2010:WMT,
author = {Hoang, Hieu and Koehn, Philipp},
title = {Improved Translation with Source Syntax Labels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Fifth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation and MetricsMATR},
month = {July},
address = {Uppsala, Sweden},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {409--417},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W10-1761},
year = 2010
}
Hoang and Koehn (2010)
Liu, Yang and Liu, Qun and Lü, Yajuan (2011):
Adjoining Tree-to-String Translation, Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Techologies
@InProceedings{liu-liu-lu:2011:ACL-HLT2011,
author = {Liu, Yang and Liu, Qun and L\"{u}, Yajuan},
title = {Adjoining Tree-to-String Translation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Techologies},
month = {June},
address = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {1278--1287},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1128},
year = 2011
}
Liu et al. (2011)
Zhang, Hao and Fang, Licheng and Xu, Peng and Wu, Xiaoyun (2011):
Binarized Forest to String Translation, Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Techologies
@InProceedings{zhang-EtAl:2011:ACL-HLT20111,
author = {Zhang, Hao and Fang, Licheng and Xu, Peng and Wu, Xiaoyun},
title = {Binarized Forest to String Translation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Techologies},
month = {June},
address = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {835--845},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-1084},
year = 2011
}
Zhang et al. (2011)
Xie, Jun and Mi, Haitao and Liu, Qun (2011):
A novel dependency-to-string model for statistical machine translation, Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
@InProceedings{xie-mi-liu:2011:EMNLP,
author = {Xie, Jun and Mi, Haitao and Liu, Qun},
title = {A novel dependency-to-string model for statistical machine translation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
month = {July},
address = {Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
pages = {216--226},
url = {
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D11-1020},
year = 2011
}
Xie et al. (2011)