/disk4/html/www/moses/doxygen/mosesdecoder/phrase-extract/extract-mixed-syntax/pugixml.cpp

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#ifndef SOURCE_PUGIXML_CPP
#define SOURCE_PUGIXML_CPP

#include "pugixml.hpp"

#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cassert>
#include <cwchar>

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_XPATH
#       include <cmath>
#       include <float.h>
#       ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
#               include <csetjmp>
#       endif
#endif

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
#       include <istream>
#       include <ostream>
#       include <string>
#endif

// For placement new
#include <new>

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#       pragma warning(push)
#       pragma warning(disable: 4127) // conditional expression is constant
#       pragma warning(disable: 4324) // structure was padded due to __declspec(align())
#       pragma warning(disable: 4611) // interaction between '_setjmp' and C++ object destruction is non-portable
#       pragma warning(disable: 4702) // unreachable code
#       pragma warning(disable: 4996) // this function or variable may be unsafe
#       pragma warning(disable: 4793) // function compiled as native: presence of '_setjmp' makes a function unmanaged
#endif

#ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER
#       pragma warning(disable: 177) // function was declared but never referenced
#       pragma warning(disable: 279) // controlling expression is constant
#       pragma warning(disable: 1478 1786) // function was declared "deprecated"
#       pragma warning(disable: 1684) // conversion from pointer to same-sized integral type
#endif

#if defined(__BORLANDC__) && defined(PUGIXML_HEADER_ONLY)
#       pragma warn -8080 // symbol is declared but never used; disabling this inside push/pop bracket does not make the warning go away
#endif

#ifdef __BORLANDC__
#       pragma option push
#       pragma warn -8008 // condition is always false
#       pragma warn -8066 // unreachable code
#endif

#ifdef __SNC__
// Using diag_push/diag_pop does not disable the warnings inside templates due to a compiler bug
#       pragma diag_suppress=178 // function was declared but never referenced
#       pragma diag_suppress=237 // controlling expression is constant
#endif

// Inlining controls
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1300
#       define PUGI__NO_INLINE __declspec(noinline)
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
#       define PUGI__NO_INLINE __attribute__((noinline))
#else
#       define PUGI__NO_INLINE
#endif

// Simple static assertion
#define PUGI__STATIC_ASSERT(cond) { static const char condition_failed[(cond) ? 1 : -1] = {0}; (void)condition_failed[0]; }

// Digital Mars C++ bug workaround for passing char loaded from memory via stack
#ifdef __DMC__
#       define PUGI__DMC_VOLATILE volatile
#else
#       define PUGI__DMC_VOLATILE
#endif

// Borland C++ bug workaround for not defining ::memcpy depending on header include order (can't always use std::memcpy because some compilers don't have it at all)
#if defined(__BORLANDC__) && !defined(__MEM_H_USING_LIST)
using std::memcpy;
using std::memmove;
#endif

// In some environments MSVC is a compiler but the CRT lacks certain MSVC-specific features
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__S3E__)
#       define PUGI__MSVC_CRT_VERSION _MSC_VER
#endif

#ifdef PUGIXML_HEADER_ONLY
#       define PUGI__NS_BEGIN namespace pugi { namespace impl {
#       define PUGI__NS_END } }
#       define PUGI__FN inline
#       define PUGI__FN_NO_INLINE inline
#else
#       if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300 // MSVC6 seems to have an amusing bug with anonymous namespaces inside namespaces
#               define PUGI__NS_BEGIN namespace pugi { namespace impl {
#               define PUGI__NS_END } }
#       else
#               define PUGI__NS_BEGIN namespace pugi { namespace impl { namespace {
#               define PUGI__NS_END } } }
#       endif
#       define PUGI__FN
#       define PUGI__FN_NO_INLINE PUGI__NO_INLINE
#endif

// uintptr_t
#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1600
#       include <stdint.h>
#else
#       ifndef _UINTPTR_T_DEFINED
// No native uintptr_t in MSVC6 and in some WinCE versions
typedef size_t uintptr_t;
#define _UINTPTR_T_DEFINED
#       endif
PUGI__NS_BEGIN
typedef unsigned __int8 uint8_t;
typedef unsigned __int16 uint16_t;
typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
PUGI__NS_END
#endif

// Memory allocation
PUGI__NS_BEGIN
PUGI__FN void* default_allocate(size_t size)
{
  return malloc(size);
}

PUGI__FN void default_deallocate(void* ptr)
{
  free(ptr);
}

template <typename T>
struct xml_memory_management_function_storage {
  static allocation_function allocate;
  static deallocation_function deallocate;
};

template <typename T> allocation_function xml_memory_management_function_storage<T>::allocate = default_allocate;
template <typename T> deallocation_function xml_memory_management_function_storage<T>::deallocate = default_deallocate;

typedef xml_memory_management_function_storage<int> xml_memory;
PUGI__NS_END

// String utilities
PUGI__NS_BEGIN
// Get string length
PUGI__FN size_t strlength(const char_t* s)
{
  assert(s);

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  return wcslen(s);
#else
  return strlen(s);
#endif
}

// Compare two strings
PUGI__FN bool strequal(const char_t* src, const char_t* dst)
{
  assert(src && dst);

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  return wcscmp(src, dst) == 0;
#else
  return strcmp(src, dst) == 0;
#endif
}

// Compare lhs with [rhs_begin, rhs_end)
PUGI__FN bool strequalrange(const char_t* lhs, const char_t* rhs, size_t count)
{
  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)
    if (lhs[i] != rhs[i])
      return false;

  return lhs[count] == 0;
}

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
// Convert string to wide string, assuming all symbols are ASCII
PUGI__FN void widen_ascii(wchar_t* dest, const char* source)
{
  for (const char* i = source; *i; ++i) *dest++ = *i;
  *dest = 0;
}
#endif
PUGI__NS_END

#if !defined(PUGIXML_NO_STL) || !defined(PUGIXML_NO_XPATH)
// auto_ptr-like buffer holder for exception recovery
PUGI__NS_BEGIN
struct buffer_holder {
  void* data;
  void (*deleter)(void*);

  buffer_holder(void* data_, void (*deleter_)(void*)): data(data_), deleter(deleter_) {
  }

  ~buffer_holder() {
    if (data) deleter(data);
  }

  void* release() {
    void* result = data;
    data = 0;
    return result;
  }
};
PUGI__NS_END
#endif

PUGI__NS_BEGIN
static const size_t xml_memory_page_size =
#ifdef PUGIXML_MEMORY_PAGE_SIZE
  PUGIXML_MEMORY_PAGE_SIZE
#else
  32768
#endif
  ;

static const uintptr_t xml_memory_page_alignment = 32;
static const uintptr_t xml_memory_page_pointer_mask = ~(xml_memory_page_alignment - 1);
static const uintptr_t xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask = 16;
static const uintptr_t xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask = 8;
static const uintptr_t xml_memory_page_type_mask = 7;

struct xml_allocator;

struct xml_memory_page {
  static xml_memory_page* construct(void* memory) {
    if (!memory) return 0; //$ redundant, left for performance

    xml_memory_page* result = static_cast<xml_memory_page*>(memory);

    result->allocator = 0;
    result->memory = 0;
    result->prev = 0;
    result->next = 0;
    result->busy_size = 0;
    result->freed_size = 0;

    return result;
  }

  xml_allocator* allocator;

  void* memory;

  xml_memory_page* prev;
  xml_memory_page* next;

  size_t busy_size;
  size_t freed_size;

  char data[1];
};

struct xml_memory_string_header {
  uint16_t page_offset; // offset from page->data
  uint16_t full_size; // 0 if string occupies whole page
};

struct xml_allocator {
  xml_allocator(xml_memory_page* root): _root(root), _busy_size(root->busy_size) {
  }

  xml_memory_page* allocate_page(size_t data_size) {
    size_t size = offsetof(xml_memory_page, data) + data_size;

    // allocate block with some alignment, leaving memory for worst-case padding
    void* memory = xml_memory::allocate(size + xml_memory_page_alignment);
    if (!memory) return 0;

    // align upwards to page boundary
    void* page_memory = reinterpret_cast<void*>((reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(memory) + (xml_memory_page_alignment - 1)) & ~(xml_memory_page_alignment - 1));

    // prepare page structure
    xml_memory_page* page = xml_memory_page::construct(page_memory);

    page->memory = memory;
    page->allocator = _root->allocator;

    return page;
  }

  static void deallocate_page(xml_memory_page* page) {
    xml_memory::deallocate(page->memory);
  }

  void* allocate_memory_oob(size_t size, xml_memory_page*& out_page);

  void* allocate_memory(size_t size, xml_memory_page*& out_page) {
    if (_busy_size + size > xml_memory_page_size) return allocate_memory_oob(size, out_page);

    void* buf = _root->data + _busy_size;

    _busy_size += size;

    out_page = _root;

    return buf;
  }

  void deallocate_memory(void* ptr, size_t size, xml_memory_page* page) {
    if (page == _root) page->busy_size = _busy_size;

    assert(ptr >= page->data && ptr < page->data + page->busy_size);
    (void)!ptr;

    page->freed_size += size;
    assert(page->freed_size <= page->busy_size);

    if (page->freed_size == page->busy_size) {
      if (page->next == 0) {
        assert(_root == page);

        // top page freed, just reset sizes
        page->busy_size = page->freed_size = 0;
        _busy_size = 0;
      } else {
        assert(_root != page);
        assert(page->prev);

        // remove from the list
        page->prev->next = page->next;
        page->next->prev = page->prev;

        // deallocate
        deallocate_page(page);
      }
    }
  }

  char_t* allocate_string(size_t length) {
    // allocate memory for string and header block
    size_t size = sizeof(xml_memory_string_header) + length * sizeof(char_t);

    // round size up to pointer alignment boundary
    size_t full_size = (size + (sizeof(void*) - 1)) & ~(sizeof(void*) - 1);

    xml_memory_page* page;
    xml_memory_string_header* header = static_cast<xml_memory_string_header*>(allocate_memory(full_size, page));

    if (!header) return 0;

    // setup header
    ptrdiff_t page_offset = reinterpret_cast<char*>(header) - page->data;

    assert(page_offset >= 0 && page_offset < (1 << 16));
    header->page_offset = static_cast<uint16_t>(page_offset);

    // full_size == 0 for large strings that occupy the whole page
    assert(full_size < (1 << 16) || (page->busy_size == full_size && page_offset == 0));
    header->full_size = static_cast<uint16_t>(full_size < (1 << 16) ? full_size : 0);

    // round-trip through void* to avoid 'cast increases required alignment of target type' warning
    // header is guaranteed a pointer-sized alignment, which should be enough for char_t
    return static_cast<char_t*>(static_cast<void*>(header + 1));
  }

  void deallocate_string(char_t* string) {
    // this function casts pointers through void* to avoid 'cast increases required alignment of target type' warnings
    // we're guaranteed the proper (pointer-sized) alignment on the input string if it was allocated via allocate_string

    // get header
    xml_memory_string_header* header = static_cast<xml_memory_string_header*>(static_cast<void*>(string)) - 1;

    // deallocate
    size_t page_offset = offsetof(xml_memory_page, data) + header->page_offset;
    xml_memory_page* page = reinterpret_cast<xml_memory_page*>(static_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(header) - page_offset));

    // if full_size == 0 then this string occupies the whole page
    size_t full_size = header->full_size == 0 ? page->busy_size : header->full_size;

    deallocate_memory(header, full_size, page);
  }

  xml_memory_page* _root;
  size_t _busy_size;
};

PUGI__FN_NO_INLINE void* xml_allocator::allocate_memory_oob(size_t size, xml_memory_page*& out_page)
{
  const size_t large_allocation_threshold = xml_memory_page_size / 4;

  xml_memory_page* page = allocate_page(size <= large_allocation_threshold ? xml_memory_page_size : size);
  out_page = page;

  if (!page) return 0;

  if (size <= large_allocation_threshold) {
    _root->busy_size = _busy_size;

    // insert page at the end of linked list
    page->prev = _root;
    _root->next = page;
    _root = page;

    _busy_size = size;
  } else {
    // insert page before the end of linked list, so that it is deleted as soon as possible
    // the last page is not deleted even if it's empty (see deallocate_memory)
    assert(_root->prev);

    page->prev = _root->prev;
    page->next = _root;

    _root->prev->next = page;
    _root->prev = page;
  }

  // allocate inside page
  page->busy_size = size;

  return page->data;
}
PUGI__NS_END

namespace pugi
{
struct xml_attribute_struct {
  xml_attribute_struct(impl::xml_memory_page* page): header(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(page)), name(0), value(0), prev_attribute_c(0), next_attribute(0) {
  }

  uintptr_t header;

  char_t* name; 
  char_t*       value;  

  xml_attribute_struct* prev_attribute_c;       
  xml_attribute_struct* next_attribute; 
};

struct xml_node_struct {
  xml_node_struct(impl::xml_memory_page* page, xml_node_type type): header(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(page) | (type - 1)), parent(0), name(0), value(0), first_child(0), prev_sibling_c(0), next_sibling(0), first_attribute(0) {
  }

  uintptr_t header;

  xml_node_struct*              parent;                                 

  char_t*                                       name;                                   
  char_t*                                       value;                                  

  xml_node_struct*              first_child;                    

  xml_node_struct*              prev_sibling_c;                 
  xml_node_struct*              next_sibling;                   

  xml_attribute_struct* first_attribute;                
};
}

PUGI__NS_BEGIN
struct xml_document_struct: public xml_node_struct, public xml_allocator {
  xml_document_struct(xml_memory_page* page): xml_node_struct(page, node_document), xml_allocator(page), buffer(0) {
  }

  const char_t* buffer;
};

inline xml_allocator& get_allocator(const xml_node_struct* node)
{
  assert(node);

  return *reinterpret_cast<xml_memory_page*>(node->header & xml_memory_page_pointer_mask)->allocator;
}
PUGI__NS_END

// Low-level DOM operations
PUGI__NS_BEGIN
inline xml_attribute_struct* allocate_attribute(xml_allocator& alloc)
{
  xml_memory_page* page;
  void* memory = alloc.allocate_memory(sizeof(xml_attribute_struct), page);

  return new (memory) xml_attribute_struct(page);
}

inline xml_node_struct* allocate_node(xml_allocator& alloc, xml_node_type type)
{
  xml_memory_page* page;
  void* memory = alloc.allocate_memory(sizeof(xml_node_struct), page);

  return new (memory) xml_node_struct(page, type);
}

inline void destroy_attribute(xml_attribute_struct* a, xml_allocator& alloc)
{
  uintptr_t header = a->header;

  if (header & impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask) alloc.deallocate_string(a->name);
  if (header & impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask) alloc.deallocate_string(a->value);

  alloc.deallocate_memory(a, sizeof(xml_attribute_struct), reinterpret_cast<xml_memory_page*>(header & xml_memory_page_pointer_mask));
}

inline void destroy_node(xml_node_struct* n, xml_allocator& alloc)
{
  uintptr_t header = n->header;

  if (header & impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask) alloc.deallocate_string(n->name);
  if (header & impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask) alloc.deallocate_string(n->value);

  for (xml_attribute_struct* attr = n->first_attribute; attr; ) {
    xml_attribute_struct* next = attr->next_attribute;

    destroy_attribute(attr, alloc);

    attr = next;
  }

  for (xml_node_struct* child = n->first_child; child; ) {
    xml_node_struct* next = child->next_sibling;

    destroy_node(child, alloc);

    child = next;
  }

  alloc.deallocate_memory(n, sizeof(xml_node_struct), reinterpret_cast<xml_memory_page*>(header & xml_memory_page_pointer_mask));
}

PUGI__FN_NO_INLINE xml_node_struct* append_node(xml_node_struct* node, xml_allocator& alloc, xml_node_type type = node_element)
{
  xml_node_struct* child = allocate_node(alloc, type);
  if (!child) return 0;

  child->parent = node;

  xml_node_struct* first_child = node->first_child;

  if (first_child) {
    xml_node_struct* last_child = first_child->prev_sibling_c;

    last_child->next_sibling = child;
    child->prev_sibling_c = last_child;
    first_child->prev_sibling_c = child;
  } else {
    node->first_child = child;
    child->prev_sibling_c = child;
  }

  return child;
}

PUGI__FN_NO_INLINE xml_attribute_struct* append_attribute_ll(xml_node_struct* node, xml_allocator& alloc)
{
  xml_attribute_struct* a = allocate_attribute(alloc);
  if (!a) return 0;

  xml_attribute_struct* first_attribute = node->first_attribute;

  if (first_attribute) {
    xml_attribute_struct* last_attribute = first_attribute->prev_attribute_c;

    last_attribute->next_attribute = a;
    a->prev_attribute_c = last_attribute;
    first_attribute->prev_attribute_c = a;
  } else {
    node->first_attribute = a;
    a->prev_attribute_c = a;
  }

  return a;
}
PUGI__NS_END

// Helper classes for code generation
PUGI__NS_BEGIN
struct opt_false {
  enum { value = 0 };
};

struct opt_true {
  enum { value = 1 };
};
PUGI__NS_END

// Unicode utilities
PUGI__NS_BEGIN
inline uint16_t endian_swap(uint16_t value)
{
  return static_cast<uint16_t>(((value & 0xff) << 8) | (value >> 8));
}

inline uint32_t endian_swap(uint32_t value)
{
  return ((value & 0xff) << 24) | ((value & 0xff00) << 8) | ((value & 0xff0000) >> 8) | (value >> 24);
}

struct utf8_counter {
  typedef size_t value_type;

  static value_type low(value_type result, uint32_t ch) {
    // U+0000..U+007F
    if (ch < 0x80) return result + 1;
    // U+0080..U+07FF
    else if (ch < 0x800) return result + 2;
    // U+0800..U+FFFF
    else return result + 3;
  }

  static value_type high(value_type result, uint32_t) {
    // U+10000..U+10FFFF
    return result + 4;
  }
};

struct utf8_writer {
  typedef uint8_t* value_type;

  static value_type low(value_type result, uint32_t ch) {
    // U+0000..U+007F
    if (ch < 0x80) {
      *result = static_cast<uint8_t>(ch);
      return result + 1;
    }
    // U+0080..U+07FF
    else if (ch < 0x800) {
      result[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xC0 | (ch >> 6));
      result[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | (ch & 0x3F));
      return result + 2;
    }
    // U+0800..U+FFFF
    else {
      result[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xE0 | (ch >> 12));
      result[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((ch >> 6) & 0x3F));
      result[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | (ch & 0x3F));
      return result + 3;
    }
  }

  static value_type high(value_type result, uint32_t ch) {
    // U+10000..U+10FFFF
    result[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xF0 | (ch >> 18));
    result[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((ch >> 12) & 0x3F));
    result[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((ch >> 6) & 0x3F));
    result[3] = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | (ch & 0x3F));
    return result + 4;
  }

  static value_type any(value_type result, uint32_t ch) {
    return (ch < 0x10000) ? low(result, ch) : high(result, ch);
  }
};

struct utf16_counter {
  typedef size_t value_type;

  static value_type low(value_type result, uint32_t) {
    return result + 1;
  }

  static value_type high(value_type result, uint32_t) {
    return result + 2;
  }
};

struct utf16_writer {
  typedef uint16_t* value_type;

  static value_type low(value_type result, uint32_t ch) {
    *result = static_cast<uint16_t>(ch);

    return result + 1;
  }

  static value_type high(value_type result, uint32_t ch) {
    uint32_t msh = static_cast<uint32_t>(ch - 0x10000) >> 10;
    uint32_t lsh = static_cast<uint32_t>(ch - 0x10000) & 0x3ff;

    result[0] = static_cast<uint16_t>(0xD800 + msh);
    result[1] = static_cast<uint16_t>(0xDC00 + lsh);

    return result + 2;
  }

  static value_type any(value_type result, uint32_t ch) {
    return (ch < 0x10000) ? low(result, ch) : high(result, ch);
  }
};

struct utf32_counter {
  typedef size_t value_type;

  static value_type low(value_type result, uint32_t) {
    return result + 1;
  }

  static value_type high(value_type result, uint32_t) {
    return result + 1;
  }
};

struct utf32_writer {
  typedef uint32_t* value_type;

  static value_type low(value_type result, uint32_t ch) {
    *result = ch;

    return result + 1;
  }

  static value_type high(value_type result, uint32_t ch) {
    *result = ch;

    return result + 1;
  }

  static value_type any(value_type result, uint32_t ch) {
    *result = ch;

    return result + 1;
  }
};

struct latin1_writer {
  typedef uint8_t* value_type;

  static value_type low(value_type result, uint32_t ch) {
    *result = static_cast<uint8_t>(ch > 255 ? '?' : ch);

    return result + 1;
  }

  static value_type high(value_type result, uint32_t ch) {
    (void)ch;

    *result = '?';

    return result + 1;
  }
};

template <size_t size> struct wchar_selector;

template <> struct wchar_selector<2> {
  typedef uint16_t type;
  typedef utf16_counter counter;
  typedef utf16_writer writer;
};

template <> struct wchar_selector<4> {
  typedef uint32_t type;
  typedef utf32_counter counter;
  typedef utf32_writer writer;
};

typedef wchar_selector<sizeof(wchar_t)>::counter wchar_counter;
typedef wchar_selector<sizeof(wchar_t)>::writer wchar_writer;

template <typename Traits, typename opt_swap = opt_false> struct utf_decoder {
  static inline typename Traits::value_type decode_utf8_block(const uint8_t* data, size_t size, typename Traits::value_type result) {
    const uint8_t utf8_byte_mask = 0x3f;

    while (size) {
      uint8_t lead = *data;

      // 0xxxxxxx -> U+0000..U+007F
      if (lead < 0x80) {
        result = Traits::low(result, lead);
        data += 1;
        size -= 1;

        // process aligned single-byte (ascii) blocks
        if ((reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(data) & 3) == 0) {
          // round-trip through void* to silence 'cast increases required alignment of target type' warnings
          while (size >= 4 && (*static_cast<const uint32_t*>(static_cast<const void*>(data)) & 0x80808080) == 0) {
            result = Traits::low(result, data[0]);
            result = Traits::low(result, data[1]);
            result = Traits::low(result, data[2]);
            result = Traits::low(result, data[3]);
            data += 4;
            size -= 4;
          }
        }
      }
      // 110xxxxx -> U+0080..U+07FF
      else if (static_cast<unsigned int>(lead - 0xC0) < 0x20 && size >= 2 && (data[1] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
        result = Traits::low(result, ((lead & ~0xC0) << 6) | (data[1] & utf8_byte_mask));
        data += 2;
        size -= 2;
      }
      // 1110xxxx -> U+0800-U+FFFF
      else if (static_cast<unsigned int>(lead - 0xE0) < 0x10 && size >= 3 && (data[1] & 0xc0) == 0x80 && (data[2] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
        result = Traits::low(result, ((lead & ~0xE0) << 12) | ((data[1] & utf8_byte_mask) << 6) | (data[2] & utf8_byte_mask));
        data += 3;
        size -= 3;
      }
      // 11110xxx -> U+10000..U+10FFFF
      else if (static_cast<unsigned int>(lead - 0xF0) < 0x08 && size >= 4 && (data[1] & 0xc0) == 0x80 && (data[2] & 0xc0) == 0x80 && (data[3] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
        result = Traits::high(result, ((lead & ~0xF0) << 18) | ((data[1] & utf8_byte_mask) << 12) | ((data[2] & utf8_byte_mask) << 6) | (data[3] & utf8_byte_mask));
        data += 4;
        size -= 4;
      }
      // 10xxxxxx or 11111xxx -> invalid
      else {
        data += 1;
        size -= 1;
      }
    }

    return result;
  }

  static inline typename Traits::value_type decode_utf16_block(const uint16_t* data, size_t size, typename Traits::value_type result) {
    const uint16_t* end = data + size;

    while (data < end) {
      uint16_t lead = opt_swap::value ? endian_swap(*data) : *data;

      // U+0000..U+D7FF
      if (lead < 0xD800) {
        result = Traits::low(result, lead);
        data += 1;
      }
      // U+E000..U+FFFF
      else if (static_cast<unsigned int>(lead - 0xE000) < 0x2000) {
        result = Traits::low(result, lead);
        data += 1;
      }
      // surrogate pair lead
      else if (static_cast<unsigned int>(lead - 0xD800) < 0x400 && data + 1 < end) {
        uint16_t next = opt_swap::value ? endian_swap(data[1]) : data[1];

        if (static_cast<unsigned int>(next - 0xDC00) < 0x400) {
          result = Traits::high(result, 0x10000 + ((lead & 0x3ff) << 10) + (next & 0x3ff));
          data += 2;
        } else {
          data += 1;
        }
      } else {
        data += 1;
      }
    }

    return result;
  }

  static inline typename Traits::value_type decode_utf32_block(const uint32_t* data, size_t size, typename Traits::value_type result) {
    const uint32_t* end = data + size;

    while (data < end) {
      uint32_t lead = opt_swap::value ? endian_swap(*data) : *data;

      // U+0000..U+FFFF
      if (lead < 0x10000) {
        result = Traits::low(result, lead);
        data += 1;
      }
      // U+10000..U+10FFFF
      else {
        result = Traits::high(result, lead);
        data += 1;
      }
    }

    return result;
  }

  static inline typename Traits::value_type decode_latin1_block(const uint8_t* data, size_t size, typename Traits::value_type result) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
      result = Traits::low(result, data[i]);
    }

    return result;
  }

  static inline typename Traits::value_type decode_wchar_block_impl(const uint16_t* data, size_t size, typename Traits::value_type result) {
    return decode_utf16_block(data, size, result);
  }

  static inline typename Traits::value_type decode_wchar_block_impl(const uint32_t* data, size_t size, typename Traits::value_type result) {
    return decode_utf32_block(data, size, result);
  }

  static inline typename Traits::value_type decode_wchar_block(const wchar_t* data, size_t size, typename Traits::value_type result) {
    return decode_wchar_block_impl(reinterpret_cast<const wchar_selector<sizeof(wchar_t)>::type*>(data), size, result);
  }
};

template <typename T> PUGI__FN void convert_utf_endian_swap(T* result, const T* data, size_t length)
{
  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) result[i] = endian_swap(data[i]);
}

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
PUGI__FN void convert_wchar_endian_swap(wchar_t* result, const wchar_t* data, size_t length)
{
  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) result[i] = static_cast<wchar_t>(endian_swap(static_cast<wchar_selector<sizeof(wchar_t)>::type>(data[i])));
}
#endif
PUGI__NS_END

PUGI__NS_BEGIN
enum chartype_t {
  ct_parse_pcdata = 1,  // \0, &, \r, <
  ct_parse_attr = 2,            // \0, &, \r, ', "
  ct_parse_attr_ws = 4, // \0, &, \r, ', ", \n, tab
  ct_space = 8,                 // \r, \n, space, tab
  ct_parse_cdata = 16,  // \0, ], >, \r
  ct_parse_comment = 32,        // \0, -, >, \r
  ct_symbol = 64,                       // Any symbol > 127, a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _, :, -, .
  ct_start_symbol = 128 // Any symbol > 127, a-z, A-Z, _, :
};

static const unsigned char chartype_table[256] = {
  55,  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,      0,   12,  12,  0,   0,   63,  0,   0,   // 0-15
  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,      0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   // 16-31
  8,   0,   6,   0,   0,   0,   7,   6,      0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   96,  64,  0,   // 32-47
  64,  64,  64,  64,  64,  64,  64,  64,     64,  64,  192, 0,   1,   0,   48,  0,   // 48-63
  0,   192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, // 64-79
  192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 0,   0,   16,  0,   192, // 80-95
  0,   192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, // 96-111
  192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,           // 112-127

  192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, // 128+
  192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,
  192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,
  192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,
  192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,
  192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,
  192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,
  192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192,    192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192, 192
};

enum chartypex_t {
  ctx_special_pcdata = 1,   // Any symbol >= 0 and < 32 (except \t, \r, \n), &, <, >
  ctx_special_attr = 2,     // Any symbol >= 0 and < 32 (except \t), &, <, >, "
  ctx_start_symbol = 4,   // Any symbol > 127, a-z, A-Z, _
  ctx_digit = 8,                          // 0-9
  ctx_symbol = 16                         // Any symbol > 127, a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _, -, .
};

static const unsigned char chartypex_table[256] = {
  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,     3,  0,  2,  3,  3,  2,  3,  3,     // 0-15
  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,     3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,     // 16-31
  0,  0,  2,  0,  0,  0,  3,  0,     0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 16, 16,  0,     // 32-47
  24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24,    24, 24, 0,  0,  3,  0,  3,  0,     // 48-63

  0,  20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    // 64-79
  20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 0,  0,  0,  0,  20,    // 80-95
  0,  20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    // 96-111
  20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,     // 112-127

  20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    // 128+
  20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
  20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
  20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
  20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
  20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
  20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
  20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,    20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20
};

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
#define PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE_IMPL(c, ct, table) ((static_cast<unsigned int>(c) < 128 ? table[static_cast<unsigned int>(c)] : table[128]) & (ct))
#else
#define PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE_IMPL(c, ct, table) (table[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)] & (ct))
#endif

#define PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(c, ct) PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE_IMPL(c, ct, chartype_table)
#define PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(c, ct) PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE_IMPL(c, ct, chartypex_table)

PUGI__FN bool is_little_endian()
{
  unsigned int ui = 1;

  return *reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&ui) == 1;
}

PUGI__FN xml_encoding get_wchar_encoding()
{
  PUGI__STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 || sizeof(wchar_t) == 4);

  if (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2)
    return is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf16_le : encoding_utf16_be;
  else
    return is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf32_le : encoding_utf32_be;
}

PUGI__FN xml_encoding guess_buffer_encoding(uint8_t d0, uint8_t d1, uint8_t d2, uint8_t d3)
{
  // look for BOM in first few bytes
  if (d0 == 0 && d1 == 0 && d2 == 0xfe && d3 == 0xff) return encoding_utf32_be;
  if (d0 == 0xff && d1 == 0xfe && d2 == 0 && d3 == 0) return encoding_utf32_le;
  if (d0 == 0xfe && d1 == 0xff) return encoding_utf16_be;
  if (d0 == 0xff && d1 == 0xfe) return encoding_utf16_le;
  if (d0 == 0xef && d1 == 0xbb && d2 == 0xbf) return encoding_utf8;

  // look for <, <? or <?xm in various encodings
  if (d0 == 0 && d1 == 0 && d2 == 0 && d3 == 0x3c) return encoding_utf32_be;
  if (d0 == 0x3c && d1 == 0 && d2 == 0 && d3 == 0) return encoding_utf32_le;
  if (d0 == 0 && d1 == 0x3c && d2 == 0 && d3 == 0x3f) return encoding_utf16_be;
  if (d0 == 0x3c && d1 == 0 && d2 == 0x3f && d3 == 0) return encoding_utf16_le;
  if (d0 == 0x3c && d1 == 0x3f && d2 == 0x78 && d3 == 0x6d) return encoding_utf8;

  // look for utf16 < followed by node name (this may fail, but is better than utf8 since it's zero terminated so early)
  if (d0 == 0 && d1 == 0x3c) return encoding_utf16_be;
  if (d0 == 0x3c && d1 == 0) return encoding_utf16_le;

  // no known BOM detected, assume utf8
  return encoding_utf8;
}

PUGI__FN xml_encoding get_buffer_encoding(xml_encoding encoding, const void* contents, size_t size)
{
  // replace wchar encoding with utf implementation
  if (encoding == encoding_wchar) return get_wchar_encoding();

  // replace utf16 encoding with utf16 with specific endianness
  if (encoding == encoding_utf16) return is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf16_le : encoding_utf16_be;

  // replace utf32 encoding with utf32 with specific endianness
  if (encoding == encoding_utf32) return is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf32_le : encoding_utf32_be;

  // only do autodetection if no explicit encoding is requested
  if (encoding != encoding_auto) return encoding;

  // skip encoding autodetection if input buffer is too small
  if (size < 4) return encoding_utf8;

  // try to guess encoding (based on XML specification, Appendix F.1)
  const uint8_t* data = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(contents);

  PUGI__DMC_VOLATILE uint8_t d0 = data[0], d1 = data[1], d2 = data[2], d3 = data[3];

  return guess_buffer_encoding(d0, d1, d2, d3);
}

PUGI__FN bool get_mutable_buffer(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, const void* contents, size_t size, bool is_mutable)
{
  if (is_mutable) {
    out_buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(const_cast<void*>(contents));
  } else {
    void* buffer = xml_memory::allocate(size > 0 ? size : 1);
    if (!buffer) return false;

    memcpy(buffer, contents, size);

    out_buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(buffer);
  }

  out_length = size / sizeof(char_t);

  return true;
}

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
PUGI__FN bool need_endian_swap_utf(xml_encoding le, xml_encoding re)
{
  return (le == encoding_utf16_be && re == encoding_utf16_le) || (le == encoding_utf16_le && re == encoding_utf16_be) ||
         (le == encoding_utf32_be && re == encoding_utf32_le) || (le == encoding_utf32_le && re == encoding_utf32_be);
}

PUGI__FN bool convert_buffer_endian_swap(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, const void* contents, size_t size, bool is_mutable)
{
  const char_t* data = static_cast<const char_t*>(contents);

  if (is_mutable) {
    out_buffer = const_cast<char_t*>(data);
  } else {
    out_buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate(size > 0 ? size : 1));
    if (!out_buffer) return false;
  }

  out_length = size / sizeof(char_t);

  convert_wchar_endian_swap(out_buffer, data, out_length);

  return true;
}

PUGI__FN bool convert_buffer_utf8(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, const void* contents, size_t size)
{
  const uint8_t* data = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(contents);

  // first pass: get length in wchar_t units
  out_length = utf_decoder<wchar_counter>::decode_utf8_block(data, size, 0);

  // allocate buffer of suitable length
  out_buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((out_length > 0 ? out_length : 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
  if (!out_buffer) return false;

  // second pass: convert utf8 input to wchar_t
  wchar_writer::value_type out_begin = reinterpret_cast<wchar_writer::value_type>(out_buffer);
  wchar_writer::value_type out_end = utf_decoder<wchar_writer>::decode_utf8_block(data, size, out_begin);

  assert(out_end == out_begin + out_length);
  (void)!out_end;

  return true;
}

template <typename opt_swap> PUGI__FN bool convert_buffer_utf16(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, const void* contents, size_t size, opt_swap)
{
  const uint16_t* data = static_cast<const uint16_t*>(contents);
  size_t length = size / sizeof(uint16_t);

  // first pass: get length in wchar_t units
  out_length = utf_decoder<wchar_counter, opt_swap>::decode_utf16_block(data, length, 0);

  // allocate buffer of suitable length
  out_buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((out_length > 0 ? out_length : 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
  if (!out_buffer) return false;

  // second pass: convert utf16 input to wchar_t
  wchar_writer::value_type out_begin = reinterpret_cast<wchar_writer::value_type>(out_buffer);
  wchar_writer::value_type out_end = utf_decoder<wchar_writer, opt_swap>::decode_utf16_block(data, length, out_begin);

  assert(out_end == out_begin + out_length);
  (void)!out_end;

  return true;
}

template <typename opt_swap> PUGI__FN bool convert_buffer_utf32(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, const void* contents, size_t size, opt_swap)
{
  const uint32_t* data = static_cast<const uint32_t*>(contents);
  size_t length = size / sizeof(uint32_t);

  // first pass: get length in wchar_t units
  out_length = utf_decoder<wchar_counter, opt_swap>::decode_utf32_block(data, length, 0);

  // allocate buffer of suitable length
  out_buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((out_length > 0 ? out_length : 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
  if (!out_buffer) return false;

  // second pass: convert utf32 input to wchar_t
  wchar_writer::value_type out_begin = reinterpret_cast<wchar_writer::value_type>(out_buffer);
  wchar_writer::value_type out_end = utf_decoder<wchar_writer, opt_swap>::decode_utf32_block(data, length, out_begin);

  assert(out_end == out_begin + out_length);
  (void)!out_end;

  return true;
}

PUGI__FN bool convert_buffer_latin1(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, const void* contents, size_t size)
{
  const uint8_t* data = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(contents);

  // get length in wchar_t units
  out_length = size;

  // allocate buffer of suitable length
  out_buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((out_length > 0 ? out_length : 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
  if (!out_buffer) return false;

  // convert latin1 input to wchar_t
  wchar_writer::value_type out_begin = reinterpret_cast<wchar_writer::value_type>(out_buffer);
  wchar_writer::value_type out_end = utf_decoder<wchar_writer>::decode_latin1_block(data, size, out_begin);

  assert(out_end == out_begin + out_length);
  (void)!out_end;

  return true;
}

PUGI__FN bool convert_buffer(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, xml_encoding encoding, const void* contents, size_t size, bool is_mutable)
{
  // get native encoding
  xml_encoding wchar_encoding = get_wchar_encoding();

  // fast path: no conversion required
  if (encoding == wchar_encoding) return get_mutable_buffer(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, is_mutable);

  // only endian-swapping is required
  if (need_endian_swap_utf(encoding, wchar_encoding)) return convert_buffer_endian_swap(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, is_mutable);

  // source encoding is utf8
  if (encoding == encoding_utf8) return convert_buffer_utf8(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size);

  // source encoding is utf16
  if (encoding == encoding_utf16_be || encoding == encoding_utf16_le) {
    xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf16_le : encoding_utf16_be;

    return (native_encoding == encoding) ?
           convert_buffer_utf16(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, opt_false()) :
           convert_buffer_utf16(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, opt_true());
  }

  // source encoding is utf32
  if (encoding == encoding_utf32_be || encoding == encoding_utf32_le) {
    xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf32_le : encoding_utf32_be;

    return (native_encoding == encoding) ?
           convert_buffer_utf32(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, opt_false()) :
           convert_buffer_utf32(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, opt_true());
  }

  // source encoding is latin1
  if (encoding == encoding_latin1) return convert_buffer_latin1(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size);

  assert(!"Invalid encoding");
  return false;
}
#else
template <typename opt_swap> PUGI__FN bool convert_buffer_utf16(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, const void* contents, size_t size, opt_swap)
{
  const uint16_t* data = static_cast<const uint16_t*>(contents);
  size_t length = size / sizeof(uint16_t);

  // first pass: get length in utf8 units
  out_length = utf_decoder<utf8_counter, opt_swap>::decode_utf16_block(data, length, 0);

  // allocate buffer of suitable length
  out_buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((out_length > 0 ? out_length : 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
  if (!out_buffer) return false;

  // second pass: convert utf16 input to utf8
  uint8_t* out_begin = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(out_buffer);
  uint8_t* out_end = utf_decoder<utf8_writer, opt_swap>::decode_utf16_block(data, length, out_begin);

  assert(out_end == out_begin + out_length);
  (void)!out_end;

  return true;
}

template <typename opt_swap> PUGI__FN bool convert_buffer_utf32(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, const void* contents, size_t size, opt_swap)
{
  const uint32_t* data = static_cast<const uint32_t*>(contents);
  size_t length = size / sizeof(uint32_t);

  // first pass: get length in utf8 units
  out_length = utf_decoder<utf8_counter, opt_swap>::decode_utf32_block(data, length, 0);

  // allocate buffer of suitable length
  out_buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((out_length > 0 ? out_length : 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
  if (!out_buffer) return false;

  // second pass: convert utf32 input to utf8
  uint8_t* out_begin = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(out_buffer);
  uint8_t* out_end = utf_decoder<utf8_writer, opt_swap>::decode_utf32_block(data, length, out_begin);

  assert(out_end == out_begin + out_length);
  (void)!out_end;

  return true;
}

PUGI__FN size_t get_latin1_7bit_prefix_length(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
{
  for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
    if (data[i] > 127)
      return i;

  return size;
}

PUGI__FN bool convert_buffer_latin1(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, const void* contents, size_t size, bool is_mutable)
{
  const uint8_t* data = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(contents);

  // get size of prefix that does not need utf8 conversion
  size_t prefix_length = get_latin1_7bit_prefix_length(data, size);
  assert(prefix_length <= size);

  const uint8_t* postfix = data + prefix_length;
  size_t postfix_length = size - prefix_length;

  // if no conversion is needed, just return the original buffer
  if (postfix_length == 0) return get_mutable_buffer(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, is_mutable);

  // first pass: get length in utf8 units
  out_length = prefix_length + utf_decoder<utf8_counter>::decode_latin1_block(postfix, postfix_length, 0);

  // allocate buffer of suitable length
  out_buffer = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((out_length > 0 ? out_length : 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
  if (!out_buffer) return false;

  // second pass: convert latin1 input to utf8
  memcpy(out_buffer, data, prefix_length);

  uint8_t* out_begin = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(out_buffer);
  uint8_t* out_end = utf_decoder<utf8_writer>::decode_latin1_block(postfix, postfix_length, out_begin + prefix_length);

  assert(out_end == out_begin + out_length);
  (void)!out_end;

  return true;
}

PUGI__FN bool convert_buffer(char_t*& out_buffer, size_t& out_length, xml_encoding encoding, const void* contents, size_t size, bool is_mutable)
{
  // fast path: no conversion required
  if (encoding == encoding_utf8) return get_mutable_buffer(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, is_mutable);

  // source encoding is utf16
  if (encoding == encoding_utf16_be || encoding == encoding_utf16_le) {
    xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf16_le : encoding_utf16_be;

    return (native_encoding == encoding) ?
           convert_buffer_utf16(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, opt_false()) :
           convert_buffer_utf16(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, opt_true());
  }

  // source encoding is utf32
  if (encoding == encoding_utf32_be || encoding == encoding_utf32_le) {
    xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf32_le : encoding_utf32_be;

    return (native_encoding == encoding) ?
           convert_buffer_utf32(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, opt_false()) :
           convert_buffer_utf32(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, opt_true());
  }

  // source encoding is latin1
  if (encoding == encoding_latin1) return convert_buffer_latin1(out_buffer, out_length, contents, size, is_mutable);

  assert(!"Invalid encoding");
  return false;
}
#endif

PUGI__FN size_t as_utf8_begin(const wchar_t* str, size_t length)
{
  // get length in utf8 characters
  return utf_decoder<utf8_counter>::decode_wchar_block(str, length, 0);
}

PUGI__FN void as_utf8_end(char* buffer, size_t size, const wchar_t* str, size_t length)
{
  // convert to utf8
  uint8_t* begin = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer);
  uint8_t* end = utf_decoder<utf8_writer>::decode_wchar_block(str, length, begin);

  assert(begin + size == end);
  (void)!end;

  // zero-terminate
  buffer[size] = 0;
}

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
PUGI__FN std::string as_utf8_impl(const wchar_t* str, size_t length)
{
  // first pass: get length in utf8 characters
  size_t size = as_utf8_begin(str, length);

  // allocate resulting string
  std::string result;
  result.resize(size);

  // second pass: convert to utf8
  if (size > 0) as_utf8_end(&result[0], size, str, length);

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN std::basic_string<wchar_t> as_wide_impl(const char* str, size_t size)
{
  const uint8_t* data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(str);

  // first pass: get length in wchar_t units
  size_t length = utf_decoder<wchar_counter>::decode_utf8_block(data, size, 0);

  // allocate resulting string
  std::basic_string<wchar_t> result;
  result.resize(length);

  // second pass: convert to wchar_t
  if (length > 0) {
    wchar_writer::value_type begin = reinterpret_cast<wchar_writer::value_type>(&result[0]);
    wchar_writer::value_type end = utf_decoder<wchar_writer>::decode_utf8_block(data, size, begin);

    assert(begin + length == end);
    (void)!end;
  }

  return result;
}
#endif

inline bool strcpy_insitu_allow(size_t length, uintptr_t allocated, char_t* target)
{
  assert(target);
  size_t target_length = strlength(target);

  // always reuse document buffer memory if possible
  if (!allocated) return target_length >= length;

  // reuse heap memory if waste is not too great
  const size_t reuse_threshold = 32;

  return target_length >= length && (target_length < reuse_threshold || target_length - length < target_length / 2);
}

PUGI__FN bool strcpy_insitu(char_t*& dest, uintptr_t& header, uintptr_t header_mask, const char_t* source)
{
  size_t source_length = strlength(source);

  if (source_length == 0) {
    // empty string and null pointer are equivalent, so just deallocate old memory
    xml_allocator* alloc = reinterpret_cast<xml_memory_page*>(header & xml_memory_page_pointer_mask)->allocator;

    if (header & header_mask) alloc->deallocate_string(dest);

    // mark the string as not allocated
    dest = 0;
    header &= ~header_mask;

    return true;
  } else if (dest && strcpy_insitu_allow(source_length, header & header_mask, dest)) {
    // we can reuse old buffer, so just copy the new data (including zero terminator)
    memcpy(dest, source, (source_length + 1) * sizeof(char_t));

    return true;
  } else {
    xml_allocator* alloc = reinterpret_cast<xml_memory_page*>(header & xml_memory_page_pointer_mask)->allocator;

    // allocate new buffer
    char_t* buf = alloc->allocate_string(source_length + 1);
    if (!buf) return false;

    // copy the string (including zero terminator)
    memcpy(buf, source, (source_length + 1) * sizeof(char_t));

    // deallocate old buffer (*after* the above to protect against overlapping memory and/or allocation failures)
    if (header & header_mask) alloc->deallocate_string(dest);

    // the string is now allocated, so set the flag
    dest = buf;
    header |= header_mask;

    return true;
  }
}

struct gap {
  char_t* end;
  size_t size;

  gap(): end(0), size(0) {
  }

  // Push new gap, move s count bytes further (skipping the gap).
  // Collapse previous gap.
  void push(char_t*& s, size_t count) {
    if (end) { // there was a gap already; collapse it
      // Move [old_gap_end, new_gap_start) to [old_gap_start, ...)
      assert(s >= end);
      memmove(end - size, end, reinterpret_cast<char*>(s) - reinterpret_cast<char*>(end));
    }

    s += count; // end of current gap

    // "merge" two gaps
    end = s;
    size += count;
  }

  // Collapse all gaps, return past-the-end pointer
  char_t* flush(char_t* s) {
    if (end) {
      // Move [old_gap_end, current_pos) to [old_gap_start, ...)
      assert(s >= end);
      memmove(end - size, end, reinterpret_cast<char*>(s) - reinterpret_cast<char*>(end));

      return s - size;
    } else return s;
  }
};

PUGI__FN char_t* strconv_escape(char_t* s, gap& g)
{
  char_t* stre = s + 1;

  switch (*stre) {
  case '#': {   // &#...
    unsigned int ucsc = 0;

    if (stre[1] == 'x') { // &#x... (hex code)
      stre += 2;

      char_t ch = *stre;

      if (ch == ';') return stre;

      for (;;) {
        if (static_cast<unsigned int>(ch - '0') <= 9)
          ucsc = 16 * ucsc + (ch - '0');
        else if (static_cast<unsigned int>((ch | ' ') - 'a') <= 5)
          ucsc = 16 * ucsc + ((ch | ' ') - 'a' + 10);
        else if (ch == ';')
          break;
        else // cancel
          return stre;

        ch = *++stre;
      }

      ++stre;
    } else {    // &#... (dec code)
      char_t ch = *++stre;

      if (ch == ';') return stre;

      for (;;) {
        if (static_cast<unsigned int>(ch - '0') <= 9)
          ucsc = 10 * ucsc + (ch - '0');
        else if (ch == ';')
          break;
        else // cancel
          return stre;

        ch = *++stre;
      }

      ++stre;
    }

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
    s = reinterpret_cast<char_t*>(wchar_writer::any(reinterpret_cast<wchar_writer::value_type>(s), ucsc));
#else
    s = reinterpret_cast<char_t*>(utf8_writer::any(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(s), ucsc));
#endif

    g.push(s, stre - s);
    return stre;
  }

  case 'a': {   // &a
    ++stre;

    if (*stre == 'm') { // &am
      if (*++stre == 'p' && *++stre == ';') { // &amp;
        *s++ = '&';
        ++stre;

        g.push(s, stre - s);
        return stre;
      }
    } else if (*stre == 'p') { // &ap
      if (*++stre == 'o' && *++stre == 's' && *++stre == ';') { // &apos;
        *s++ = '\'';
        ++stre;

        g.push(s, stre - s);
        return stre;
      }
    }
    break;
  }

  case 'g': { // &g
    if (*++stre == 't' && *++stre == ';') { // &gt;
      *s++ = '>';
      ++stre;

      g.push(s, stre - s);
      return stre;
    }
    break;
  }

  case 'l': { // &l
    if (*++stre == 't' && *++stre == ';') { // &lt;
      *s++ = '<';
      ++stre;

      g.push(s, stre - s);
      return stre;
    }
    break;
  }

  case 'q': { // &q
    if (*++stre == 'u' && *++stre == 'o' && *++stre == 't' && *++stre == ';') { // &quot;
      *s++ = '"';
      ++stre;

      g.push(s, stre - s);
      return stre;
    }
    break;
  }

  default:
    break;
  }

  return stre;
}

// Utility macro for last character handling
#define ENDSWITH(c, e) ((c) == (e) || ((c) == 0 && endch == (e)))

PUGI__FN char_t* strconv_comment(char_t* s, char_t endch)
{
  gap g;

  while (true) {
    while (!PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_parse_comment)) ++s;

    if (*s == '\r') { // Either a single 0x0d or 0x0d 0x0a pair
      *s++ = '\n'; // replace first one with 0x0a

      if (*s == '\n') g.push(s, 1);
    } else if (s[0] == '-' && s[1] == '-' && ENDSWITH(s[2], '>')) { // comment ends here
      *g.flush(s) = 0;

      return s + (s[2] == '>' ? 3 : 2);
    } else if (*s == 0) {
      return 0;
    } else ++s;
  }
}

PUGI__FN char_t* strconv_cdata(char_t* s, char_t endch)
{
  gap g;

  while (true) {
    while (!PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_parse_cdata)) ++s;

    if (*s == '\r') { // Either a single 0x0d or 0x0d 0x0a pair
      *s++ = '\n'; // replace first one with 0x0a

      if (*s == '\n') g.push(s, 1);
    } else if (s[0] == ']' && s[1] == ']' && ENDSWITH(s[2], '>')) { // CDATA ends here
      *g.flush(s) = 0;

      return s + 1;
    } else if (*s == 0) {
      return 0;
    } else ++s;
  }
}

typedef char_t* (*strconv_pcdata_t)(char_t*);

template <typename opt_eol, typename opt_escape> struct strconv_pcdata_impl {
  static char_t* parse(char_t* s) {
    gap g;

    while (true) {
      while (!PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_parse_pcdata)) ++s;

      if (*s == '<') { // PCDATA ends here
        *g.flush(s) = 0;

        return s + 1;
      } else if (opt_eol::value && *s == '\r') { // Either a single 0x0d or 0x0d 0x0a pair
        *s++ = '\n'; // replace first one with 0x0a

        if (*s == '\n') g.push(s, 1);
      } else if (opt_escape::value && *s == '&') {
        s = strconv_escape(s, g);
      } else if (*s == 0) {
        return s;
      } else ++s;
    }
  }
};

PUGI__FN strconv_pcdata_t get_strconv_pcdata(unsigned int optmask)
{
  PUGI__STATIC_ASSERT(parse_escapes == 0x10 && parse_eol == 0x20);

  switch ((optmask >> 4) & 3) { // get bitmask for flags (eol escapes)
  case 0:
    return strconv_pcdata_impl<opt_false, opt_false>::parse;
  case 1:
    return strconv_pcdata_impl<opt_false, opt_true>::parse;
  case 2:
    return strconv_pcdata_impl<opt_true, opt_false>::parse;
  case 3:
    return strconv_pcdata_impl<opt_true, opt_true>::parse;
  default:
    return 0; // should not get here
  }
}

typedef char_t* (*strconv_attribute_t)(char_t*, char_t);

template <typename opt_escape> struct strconv_attribute_impl {
  static char_t* parse_wnorm(char_t* s, char_t end_quote) {
    gap g;

    // trim leading whitespaces
    if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_space)) {
      char_t* str = s;

      do ++str;
      while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*str, ct_space));

      g.push(s, str - s);
    }

    while (true) {
      while (!PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_parse_attr_ws | ct_space)) ++s;

      if (*s == end_quote) {
        char_t* str = g.flush(s);

        do *str-- = 0;
        while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*str, ct_space));

        return s + 1;
      } else if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_space)) {
        *s++ = ' ';

        if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_space)) {
          char_t* str = s + 1;
          while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*str, ct_space)) ++str;

          g.push(s, str - s);
        }
      } else if (opt_escape::value && *s == '&') {
        s = strconv_escape(s, g);
      } else if (!*s) {
        return 0;
      } else ++s;
    }
  }

  static char_t* parse_wconv(char_t* s, char_t end_quote) {
    gap g;

    while (true) {
      while (!PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_parse_attr_ws)) ++s;

      if (*s == end_quote) {
        *g.flush(s) = 0;

        return s + 1;
      } else if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_space)) {
        if (*s == '\r') {
          *s++ = ' ';

          if (*s == '\n') g.push(s, 1);
        } else *s++ = ' ';
      } else if (opt_escape::value && *s == '&') {
        s = strconv_escape(s, g);
      } else if (!*s) {
        return 0;
      } else ++s;
    }
  }

  static char_t* parse_eol(char_t* s, char_t end_quote) {
    gap g;

    while (true) {
      while (!PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_parse_attr)) ++s;

      if (*s == end_quote) {
        *g.flush(s) = 0;

        return s + 1;
      } else if (*s == '\r') {
        *s++ = '\n';

        if (*s == '\n') g.push(s, 1);
      } else if (opt_escape::value && *s == '&') {
        s = strconv_escape(s, g);
      } else if (!*s) {
        return 0;
      } else ++s;
    }
  }

  static char_t* parse_simple(char_t* s, char_t end_quote) {
    gap g;

    while (true) {
      while (!PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_parse_attr)) ++s;

      if (*s == end_quote) {
        *g.flush(s) = 0;

        return s + 1;
      } else if (opt_escape::value && *s == '&') {
        s = strconv_escape(s, g);
      } else if (!*s) {
        return 0;
      } else ++s;
    }
  }
};

PUGI__FN strconv_attribute_t get_strconv_attribute(unsigned int optmask)
{
  PUGI__STATIC_ASSERT(parse_escapes == 0x10 && parse_eol == 0x20 && parse_wconv_attribute == 0x40 && parse_wnorm_attribute == 0x80);

  switch ((optmask >> 4) & 15) { // get bitmask for flags (wconv wnorm eol escapes)
  case 0:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_simple;
  case 1:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_simple;
  case 2:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_eol;
  case 3:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_eol;
  case 4:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_wconv;
  case 5:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_wconv;
  case 6:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_wconv;
  case 7:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_wconv;
  case 8:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_wnorm;
  case 9:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_wnorm;
  case 10:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_wnorm;
  case 11:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_wnorm;
  case 12:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_wnorm;
  case 13:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_wnorm;
  case 14:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_false>::parse_wnorm;
  case 15:
    return strconv_attribute_impl<opt_true>::parse_wnorm;
  default:
    return 0; // should not get here
  }
}

inline xml_parse_result make_parse_result(xml_parse_status status, ptrdiff_t offset = 0)
{
  xml_parse_result result;
  result.status = status;
  result.offset = offset;

  return result;
}

struct xml_parser {
  xml_allocator alloc;
  char_t* error_offset;
  xml_parse_status error_status;

  // Parser utilities.
#define PUGI__SKIPWS()                  { while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_space)) ++s; }
#define PUGI__OPTSET(OPT)                       ( optmsk & (OPT) )
#define PUGI__PUSHNODE(TYPE)            { cursor = append_node(cursor, alloc, TYPE); if (!cursor) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_out_of_memory, s); }
#define PUGI__POPNODE()                 { cursor = cursor->parent; }
#define PUGI__SCANFOR(X)                        { while (*s != 0 && !(X)) ++s; }
#define PUGI__SCANWHILE(X)              { while ((X)) ++s; }
#define PUGI__ENDSEG()                  { ch = *s; *s = 0; ++s; }
#define PUGI__THROW_ERROR(err, m)       return error_offset = m, error_status = err, static_cast<char_t*>(0)
#define PUGI__CHECK_ERROR(err, m)       { if (*s == 0) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(err, m); }

  xml_parser(const xml_allocator& alloc_): alloc(alloc_), error_offset(0), error_status(status_ok) {
  }

  // DOCTYPE consists of nested sections of the following possible types:
  // <!-- ... -->, <? ... ?>, "...", '...'
  // <![...]]>
  // <!...>
  // First group can not contain nested groups
  // Second group can contain nested groups of the same type
  // Third group can contain all other groups
  char_t* parse_doctype_primitive(char_t* s) {
    if (*s == '"' || *s == '\'') {
      // quoted string
      char_t ch = *s++;
      PUGI__SCANFOR(*s == ch);
      if (!*s) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_doctype, s);

      s++;
    } else if (s[0] == '<' && s[1] == '?') {
      // <? ... ?>
      s += 2;
      PUGI__SCANFOR(s[0] == '?' && s[1] == '>'); // no need for ENDSWITH because ?> can't terminate proper doctype
      if (!*s) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_doctype, s);

      s += 2;
    } else if (s[0] == '<' && s[1] == '!' && s[2] == '-' && s[3] == '-') {
      s += 4;
      PUGI__SCANFOR(s[0] == '-' && s[1] == '-' && s[2] == '>'); // no need for ENDSWITH because --> can't terminate proper doctype
      if (!*s) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_doctype, s);

      s += 4;
    } else PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_doctype, s);

    return s;
  }

  char_t* parse_doctype_ignore(char_t* s) {
    assert(s[0] == '<' && s[1] == '!' && s[2] == '[');
    s++;

    while (*s) {
      if (s[0] == '<' && s[1] == '!' && s[2] == '[') {
        // nested ignore section
        s = parse_doctype_ignore(s);
        if (!s) return s;
      } else if (s[0] == ']' && s[1] == ']' && s[2] == '>') {
        // ignore section end
        s += 3;

        return s;
      } else s++;
    }

    PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_doctype, s);
  }

  char_t* parse_doctype_group(char_t* s, char_t endch, bool toplevel) {
    assert(s[0] == '<' && s[1] == '!');
    s++;

    while (*s) {
      if (s[0] == '<' && s[1] == '!' && s[2] != '-') {
        if (s[2] == '[') {
          // ignore
          s = parse_doctype_ignore(s);
          if (!s) return s;
        } else {
          // some control group
          s = parse_doctype_group(s, endch, false);
          if (!s) return s;
        }
      } else if (s[0] == '<' || s[0] == '"' || s[0] == '\'') {
        // unknown tag (forbidden), or some primitive group
        s = parse_doctype_primitive(s);
        if (!s) return s;
      } else if (*s == '>') {
        s++;

        return s;
      } else s++;
    }

    if (!toplevel || endch != '>') PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_doctype, s);

    return s;
  }

  char_t* parse_exclamation(char_t* s, xml_node_struct* cursor, unsigned int optmsk, char_t endch) {
    // parse node contents, starting with exclamation mark
    ++s;

    if (*s == '-') { // '<!-...'
      ++s;

      if (*s == '-') { // '<!--...'
        ++s;

        if (PUGI__OPTSET(parse_comments)) {
          PUGI__PUSHNODE(node_comment); // Append a new node on the tree.
          cursor->value = s; // Save the offset.
        }

        if (PUGI__OPTSET(parse_eol) && PUGI__OPTSET(parse_comments)) {
          s = strconv_comment(s, endch);

          if (!s) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_comment, cursor->value);
        } else {
          // Scan for terminating '-->'.
          PUGI__SCANFOR(s[0] == '-' && s[1] == '-' && ENDSWITH(s[2], '>'));
          PUGI__CHECK_ERROR(status_bad_comment, s);

          if (PUGI__OPTSET(parse_comments))
            *s = 0; // Zero-terminate this segment at the first terminating '-'.

          s += (s[2] == '>' ? 3 : 2); // Step over the '\0->'.
        }
      } else PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_comment, s);
    } else if (*s == '[') {
      // '<![CDATA[...'
      if (*++s=='C' && *++s=='D' && *++s=='A' && *++s=='T' && *++s=='A' && *++s == '[') {
        ++s;

        if (PUGI__OPTSET(parse_cdata)) {
          PUGI__PUSHNODE(node_cdata); // Append a new node on the tree.
          cursor->value = s; // Save the offset.

          if (PUGI__OPTSET(parse_eol)) {
            s = strconv_cdata(s, endch);

            if (!s) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_cdata, cursor->value);
          } else {
            // Scan for terminating ']]>'.
            PUGI__SCANFOR(s[0] == ']' && s[1] == ']' && ENDSWITH(s[2], '>'));
            PUGI__CHECK_ERROR(status_bad_cdata, s);

            *s++ = 0; // Zero-terminate this segment.
          }
        } else { // Flagged for discard, but we still have to scan for the terminator.
          // Scan for terminating ']]>'.
          PUGI__SCANFOR(s[0] == ']' && s[1] == ']' && ENDSWITH(s[2], '>'));
          PUGI__CHECK_ERROR(status_bad_cdata, s);

          ++s;
        }

        s += (s[1] == '>' ? 2 : 1); // Step over the last ']>'.
      } else PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_cdata, s);
    } else if (s[0] == 'D' && s[1] == 'O' && s[2] == 'C' && s[3] == 'T' && s[4] == 'Y' && s[5] == 'P' && ENDSWITH(s[6], 'E')) {
      s -= 2;

      if (cursor->parent) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_doctype, s);

      char_t* mark = s + 9;

      s = parse_doctype_group(s, endch, true);
      if (!s) return s;

      if (PUGI__OPTSET(parse_doctype)) {
        while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*mark, ct_space)) ++mark;

        PUGI__PUSHNODE(node_doctype);

        cursor->value = mark;

        assert((s[0] == 0 && endch == '>') || s[-1] == '>');
        s[*s == 0 ? 0 : -1] = 0;

        PUGI__POPNODE();
      }
    } else if (*s == 0 && endch == '-') PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_comment, s);
    else if (*s == 0 && endch == '[') PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_cdata, s);
    else PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_unrecognized_tag, s);

    return s;
  }

  char_t* parse_question(char_t* s, xml_node_struct*& ref_cursor, unsigned int optmsk, char_t endch) {
    // load into registers
    xml_node_struct* cursor = ref_cursor;
    char_t ch = 0;

    // parse node contents, starting with question mark
    ++s;

    // read PI target
    char_t* target = s;

    if (!PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_start_symbol)) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);

    PUGI__SCANWHILE(PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_symbol));
    PUGI__CHECK_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);

    // determine node type; stricmp / strcasecmp is not portable
    bool declaration = (target[0] | ' ') == 'x' && (target[1] | ' ') == 'm' && (target[2] | ' ') == 'l' && target + 3 == s;

    if (declaration ? PUGI__OPTSET(parse_declaration) : PUGI__OPTSET(parse_pi)) {
      if (declaration) {
        // disallow non top-level declarations
        if (cursor->parent) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);

        PUGI__PUSHNODE(node_declaration);
      } else {
        PUGI__PUSHNODE(node_pi);
      }

      cursor->name = target;

      PUGI__ENDSEG();

      // parse value/attributes
      if (ch == '?') {
        // empty node
        if (!ENDSWITH(*s, '>')) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);
        s += (*s == '>');

        PUGI__POPNODE();
      } else if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(ch, ct_space)) {
        PUGI__SKIPWS();

        // scan for tag end
        char_t* value = s;

        PUGI__SCANFOR(s[0] == '?' && ENDSWITH(s[1], '>'));
        PUGI__CHECK_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);

        if (declaration) {
          // replace ending ? with / so that 'element' terminates properly
          *s = '/';

          // we exit from this function with cursor at node_declaration, which is a signal to parse() to go to LOC_ATTRIBUTES
          s = value;
        } else {
          // store value and step over >
          cursor->value = value;
          PUGI__POPNODE();

          PUGI__ENDSEG();

          s += (*s == '>');
        }
      } else PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);
    } else {
      // scan for tag end
      PUGI__SCANFOR(s[0] == '?' && ENDSWITH(s[1], '>'));
      PUGI__CHECK_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);

      s += (s[1] == '>' ? 2 : 1);
    }

    // store from registers
    ref_cursor = cursor;

    return s;
  }

  char_t* parse(char_t* s, xml_node_struct* xmldoc, unsigned int optmsk, char_t endch) {
    strconv_attribute_t strconv_attribute = get_strconv_attribute(optmsk);
    strconv_pcdata_t strconv_pcdata = get_strconv_pcdata(optmsk);

    char_t ch = 0;
    xml_node_struct* cursor = xmldoc;
    char_t* mark = s;

    while (*s != 0) {
      if (*s == '<') {
        ++s;

LOC_TAG:
        if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_start_symbol)) { // '<#...'
          PUGI__PUSHNODE(node_element); // Append a new node to the tree.

          cursor->name = s;

          PUGI__SCANWHILE(PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_symbol)); // Scan for a terminator.
          PUGI__ENDSEG(); // Save char in 'ch', terminate & step over.

          if (ch == '>') {
            // end of tag
          } else if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(ch, ct_space)) {
LOC_ATTRIBUTES:
            while (true) {
              PUGI__SKIPWS(); // Eat any whitespace.

              if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_start_symbol)) { // <... #...
                xml_attribute_struct* a = append_attribute_ll(cursor, alloc); // Make space for this attribute.
                if (!a) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_out_of_memory, s);

                a->name = s; // Save the offset.

                PUGI__SCANWHILE(PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_symbol)); // Scan for a terminator.
                PUGI__CHECK_ERROR(status_bad_attribute, s); //$ redundant, left for performance

                PUGI__ENDSEG(); // Save char in 'ch', terminate & step over.
                PUGI__CHECK_ERROR(status_bad_attribute, s); //$ redundant, left for performance

                if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(ch, ct_space)) {
                  PUGI__SKIPWS(); // Eat any whitespace.
                  PUGI__CHECK_ERROR(status_bad_attribute, s); //$ redundant, left for performance

                  ch = *s;
                  ++s;
                }

                if (ch == '=') { // '<... #=...'
                  PUGI__SKIPWS(); // Eat any whitespace.

                  if (*s == '"' || *s == '\'') { // '<... #="...'
                    ch = *s; // Save quote char to avoid breaking on "''" -or- '""'.
                    ++s; // Step over the quote.
                    a->value = s; // Save the offset.

                    s = strconv_attribute(s, ch);

                    if (!s) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_attribute, a->value);

                    // After this line the loop continues from the start;
                    // Whitespaces, / and > are ok, symbols and EOF are wrong,
                    // everything else will be detected
                    if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_start_symbol)) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_attribute, s);
                  } else PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_attribute, s);
                } else PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_attribute, s);
              } else if (*s == '/') {
                ++s;

                if (*s == '>') {
                  PUGI__POPNODE();
                  s++;
                  break;
                } else if (*s == 0 && endch == '>') {
                  PUGI__POPNODE();
                  break;
                } else PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_start_element, s);
              } else if (*s == '>') {
                ++s;

                break;
              } else if (*s == 0 && endch == '>') {
                break;
              } else PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_start_element, s);
            }

            // !!!
          } else if (ch == '/') { // '<#.../'
            if (!ENDSWITH(*s, '>')) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_start_element, s);

            PUGI__POPNODE(); // Pop.

            s += (*s == '>');
          } else if (ch == 0) {
            // we stepped over null terminator, backtrack & handle closing tag
            --s;

            if (endch != '>') PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_start_element, s);
          } else PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_start_element, s);
        } else if (*s == '/') {
          ++s;

          char_t* name = cursor->name;
          if (!name) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_end_element_mismatch, s);

          while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*s, ct_symbol)) {
            if (*s++ != *name++) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_end_element_mismatch, s);
          }

          if (*name) {
            if (*s == 0 && name[0] == endch && name[1] == 0) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_end_element, s);
            else PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_end_element_mismatch, s);
          }

          PUGI__POPNODE(); // Pop.

          PUGI__SKIPWS();

          if (*s == 0) {
            if (endch != '>') PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_end_element, s);
          } else {
            if (*s != '>') PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_end_element, s);
            ++s;
          }
        } else if (*s == '?') { // '<?...'
          s = parse_question(s, cursor, optmsk, endch);
          if (!s) return s;

          assert(cursor);
          if ((cursor->header & xml_memory_page_type_mask) + 1 == node_declaration) goto LOC_ATTRIBUTES;
        } else if (*s == '!') { // '<!...'
          s = parse_exclamation(s, cursor, optmsk, endch);
          if (!s) return s;
        } else if (*s == 0 && endch == '?') PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_bad_pi, s);
        else PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_unrecognized_tag, s);
      } else {
        mark = s; // Save this offset while searching for a terminator.

        PUGI__SKIPWS(); // Eat whitespace if no genuine PCDATA here.

        if (*s == '<') {
          // We skipped some whitespace characters because otherwise we would take the tag branch instead of PCDATA one
          assert(mark != s);

          if (!PUGI__OPTSET(parse_ws_pcdata | parse_ws_pcdata_single)) {
            continue;
          } else if (PUGI__OPTSET(parse_ws_pcdata_single)) {
            if (s[1] != '/' || cursor->first_child) continue;
          }
        }

        s = mark;

        if (cursor->parent) {
          PUGI__PUSHNODE(node_pcdata); // Append a new node on the tree.
          cursor->value = s; // Save the offset.

          s = strconv_pcdata(s);

          PUGI__POPNODE(); // Pop since this is a standalone.

          if (!*s) break;
        } else {
          PUGI__SCANFOR(*s == '<'); // '...<'
          if (!*s) break;

          ++s;
        }

        // We're after '<'
        goto LOC_TAG;
      }
    }

    // check that last tag is closed
    if (cursor != xmldoc) PUGI__THROW_ERROR(status_end_element_mismatch, s);

    return s;
  }

  static xml_parse_result parse(char_t* buffer, size_t length, xml_node_struct* root, unsigned int optmsk) {
    xml_document_struct* xmldoc = static_cast<xml_document_struct*>(root);

    // store buffer for offset_debug
    xmldoc->buffer = buffer;

    // early-out for empty documents
    if (length == 0) return make_parse_result(status_ok);

    // create parser on stack
    xml_parser parser(*xmldoc);

    // save last character and make buffer zero-terminated (speeds up parsing)
    char_t endch = buffer[length - 1];
    buffer[length - 1] = 0;

    // perform actual parsing
    parser.parse(buffer, xmldoc, optmsk, endch);

    xml_parse_result result = make_parse_result(parser.error_status, parser.error_offset ? parser.error_offset - buffer : 0);
    assert(result.offset >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(result.offset) <= length);

    // update allocator state
    *static_cast<xml_allocator*>(xmldoc) = parser.alloc;

    // since we removed last character, we have to handle the only possible false positive
    if (result && endch == '<') {
      // there's no possible well-formed document with < at the end
      return make_parse_result(status_unrecognized_tag, length);
    }

    return result;
  }
};

// Output facilities
PUGI__FN xml_encoding get_write_native_encoding()
{
#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  return get_wchar_encoding();
#else
  return encoding_utf8;
#endif
}

PUGI__FN xml_encoding get_write_encoding(xml_encoding encoding)
{
  // replace wchar encoding with utf implementation
  if (encoding == encoding_wchar) return get_wchar_encoding();

  // replace utf16 encoding with utf16 with specific endianness
  if (encoding == encoding_utf16) return is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf16_le : encoding_utf16_be;

  // replace utf32 encoding with utf32 with specific endianness
  if (encoding == encoding_utf32) return is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf32_le : encoding_utf32_be;

  // only do autodetection if no explicit encoding is requested
  if (encoding != encoding_auto) return encoding;

  // assume utf8 encoding
  return encoding_utf8;
}

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
PUGI__FN size_t get_valid_length(const char_t* data, size_t length)
{
  assert(length > 0);

  // discard last character if it's the lead of a surrogate pair
  return (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 && static_cast<unsigned int>(static_cast<uint16_t>(data[length - 1]) - 0xD800) < 0x400) ? length - 1 : length;
}

PUGI__FN size_t convert_buffer(char_t* r_char, uint8_t* r_u8, uint16_t* r_u16, uint32_t* r_u32, const char_t* data, size_t length, xml_encoding encoding)
{
  // only endian-swapping is required
  if (need_endian_swap_utf(encoding, get_wchar_encoding())) {
    convert_wchar_endian_swap(r_char, data, length);

    return length * sizeof(char_t);
  }

  // convert to utf8
  if (encoding == encoding_utf8) {
    uint8_t* dest = r_u8;
    uint8_t* end = utf_decoder<utf8_writer>::decode_wchar_block(data, length, dest);

    return static_cast<size_t>(end - dest);
  }

  // convert to utf16
  if (encoding == encoding_utf16_be || encoding == encoding_utf16_le) {
    uint16_t* dest = r_u16;

    // convert to native utf16
    uint16_t* end = utf_decoder<utf16_writer>::decode_wchar_block(data, length, dest);

    // swap if necessary
    xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf16_le : encoding_utf16_be;

    if (native_encoding != encoding) convert_utf_endian_swap(dest, dest, static_cast<size_t>(end - dest));

    return static_cast<size_t>(end - dest) * sizeof(uint16_t);
  }

  // convert to utf32
  if (encoding == encoding_utf32_be || encoding == encoding_utf32_le) {
    uint32_t* dest = r_u32;

    // convert to native utf32
    uint32_t* end = utf_decoder<utf32_writer>::decode_wchar_block(data, length, dest);

    // swap if necessary
    xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf32_le : encoding_utf32_be;

    if (native_encoding != encoding) convert_utf_endian_swap(dest, dest, static_cast<size_t>(end - dest));

    return static_cast<size_t>(end - dest) * sizeof(uint32_t);
  }

  // convert to latin1
  if (encoding == encoding_latin1) {
    uint8_t* dest = r_u8;
    uint8_t* end = utf_decoder<latin1_writer>::decode_wchar_block(data, length, dest);

    return static_cast<size_t>(end - dest);
  }

  assert(!"Invalid encoding");
  return 0;
}
#else
PUGI__FN size_t get_valid_length(const char_t* data, size_t length)
{
  assert(length > 4);

  for (size_t i = 1; i <= 4; ++i) {
    uint8_t ch = static_cast<uint8_t>(data[length - i]);

    // either a standalone character or a leading one
    if ((ch & 0xc0) != 0x80) return length - i;
  }

  // there are four non-leading characters at the end, sequence tail is broken so might as well process the whole chunk
  return length;
}

PUGI__FN size_t convert_buffer(char_t* /* r_char */, uint8_t* r_u8, uint16_t* r_u16, uint32_t* r_u32, const char_t* data, size_t length, xml_encoding encoding)
{
  if (encoding == encoding_utf16_be || encoding == encoding_utf16_le) {
    uint16_t* dest = r_u16;

    // convert to native utf16
    uint16_t* end = utf_decoder<utf16_writer>::decode_utf8_block(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data), length, dest);

    // swap if necessary
    xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf16_le : encoding_utf16_be;

    if (native_encoding != encoding) convert_utf_endian_swap(dest, dest, static_cast<size_t>(end - dest));

    return static_cast<size_t>(end - dest) * sizeof(uint16_t);
  }

  if (encoding == encoding_utf32_be || encoding == encoding_utf32_le) {
    uint32_t* dest = r_u32;

    // convert to native utf32
    uint32_t* end = utf_decoder<utf32_writer>::decode_utf8_block(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data), length, dest);

    // swap if necessary
    xml_encoding native_encoding = is_little_endian() ? encoding_utf32_le : encoding_utf32_be;

    if (native_encoding != encoding) convert_utf_endian_swap(dest, dest, static_cast<size_t>(end - dest));

    return static_cast<size_t>(end - dest) * sizeof(uint32_t);
  }

  if (encoding == encoding_latin1) {
    uint8_t* dest = r_u8;
    uint8_t* end = utf_decoder<latin1_writer>::decode_utf8_block(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data), length, dest);

    return static_cast<size_t>(end - dest);
  }

  assert(!"Invalid encoding");
  return 0;
}
#endif

class xml_buffered_writer
{
  xml_buffered_writer(const xml_buffered_writer&);
  xml_buffered_writer& operator=(const xml_buffered_writer&);

public:
  xml_buffered_writer(xml_writer& writer_, xml_encoding user_encoding): writer(writer_), bufsize(0), encoding(get_write_encoding(user_encoding)) {
    PUGI__STATIC_ASSERT(bufcapacity >= 8);
  }

  ~xml_buffered_writer() {
    flush();
  }

  void flush() {
    flush(buffer, bufsize);
    bufsize = 0;
  }

  void flush(const char_t* data, size_t size) {
    if (size == 0) return;

    // fast path, just write data
    if (encoding == get_write_native_encoding())
      writer.write(data, size * sizeof(char_t));
    else {
      // convert chunk
      size_t result = convert_buffer(scratch.data_char, scratch.data_u8, scratch.data_u16, scratch.data_u32, data, size, encoding);
      assert(result <= sizeof(scratch));

      // write data
      writer.write(scratch.data_u8, result);
    }
  }

  void write(const char_t* data, size_t length) {
    if (bufsize + length > bufcapacity) {
      // flush the remaining buffer contents
      flush();

      // handle large chunks
      if (length > bufcapacity) {
        if (encoding == get_write_native_encoding()) {
          // fast path, can just write data chunk
          writer.write(data, length * sizeof(char_t));
          return;
        }

        // need to convert in suitable chunks
        while (length > bufcapacity) {
          // get chunk size by selecting such number of characters that are guaranteed to fit into scratch buffer
          // and form a complete codepoint sequence (i.e. discard start of last codepoint if necessary)
          size_t chunk_size = get_valid_length(data, bufcapacity);

          // convert chunk and write
          flush(data, chunk_size);

          // iterate
          data += chunk_size;
          length -= chunk_size;
        }

        // small tail is copied below
        bufsize = 0;
      }
    }

    memcpy(buffer + bufsize, data, length * sizeof(char_t));
    bufsize += length;
  }

  void write(const char_t* data) {
    write(data, strlength(data));
  }

  void write(char_t d0) {
    if (bufsize + 1 > bufcapacity) flush();

    buffer[bufsize + 0] = d0;
    bufsize += 1;
  }

  void write(char_t d0, char_t d1) {
    if (bufsize + 2 > bufcapacity) flush();

    buffer[bufsize + 0] = d0;
    buffer[bufsize + 1] = d1;
    bufsize += 2;
  }

  void write(char_t d0, char_t d1, char_t d2) {
    if (bufsize + 3 > bufcapacity) flush();

    buffer[bufsize + 0] = d0;
    buffer[bufsize + 1] = d1;
    buffer[bufsize + 2] = d2;
    bufsize += 3;
  }

  void write(char_t d0, char_t d1, char_t d2, char_t d3) {
    if (bufsize + 4 > bufcapacity) flush();

    buffer[bufsize + 0] = d0;
    buffer[bufsize + 1] = d1;
    buffer[bufsize + 2] = d2;
    buffer[bufsize + 3] = d3;
    bufsize += 4;
  }

  void write(char_t d0, char_t d1, char_t d2, char_t d3, char_t d4) {
    if (bufsize + 5 > bufcapacity) flush();

    buffer[bufsize + 0] = d0;
    buffer[bufsize + 1] = d1;
    buffer[bufsize + 2] = d2;
    buffer[bufsize + 3] = d3;
    buffer[bufsize + 4] = d4;
    bufsize += 5;
  }

  void write(char_t d0, char_t d1, char_t d2, char_t d3, char_t d4, char_t d5) {
    if (bufsize + 6 > bufcapacity) flush();

    buffer[bufsize + 0] = d0;
    buffer[bufsize + 1] = d1;
    buffer[bufsize + 2] = d2;
    buffer[bufsize + 3] = d3;
    buffer[bufsize + 4] = d4;
    buffer[bufsize + 5] = d5;
    bufsize += 6;
  }

  // utf8 maximum expansion: x4 (-> utf32)
  // utf16 maximum expansion: x2 (-> utf32)
  // utf32 maximum expansion: x1
  enum {
    bufcapacitybytes =
#ifdef PUGIXML_MEMORY_OUTPUT_STACK
    PUGIXML_MEMORY_OUTPUT_STACK
#else
    10240
#endif
    ,
    bufcapacity = bufcapacitybytes / (sizeof(char_t) + 4)
  };

  char_t buffer[bufcapacity];

  union {
    uint8_t data_u8[4 * bufcapacity];
    uint16_t data_u16[2 * bufcapacity];
    uint32_t data_u32[bufcapacity];
    char_t data_char[bufcapacity];
  } scratch;

  xml_writer& writer;
  size_t bufsize;
  xml_encoding encoding;
};

PUGI__FN void text_output_escaped(xml_buffered_writer& writer, const char_t* s, chartypex_t type)
{
  while (*s) {
    const char_t* prev = s;

    // While *s is a usual symbol
    while (!PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(*s, type)) ++s;

    writer.write(prev, static_cast<size_t>(s - prev));

    switch (*s) {
    case 0:
      break;
    case '&':
      writer.write('&', 'a', 'm', 'p', ';');
      ++s;
      break;
    case '<':
      writer.write('&', 'l', 't', ';');
      ++s;
      break;
    case '>':
      writer.write('&', 'g', 't', ';');
      ++s;
      break;
    case '"':
      writer.write('&', 'q', 'u', 'o', 't', ';');
      ++s;
      break;
    default: { // s is not a usual symbol
      unsigned int ch = static_cast<unsigned int>(*s++);
      assert(ch < 32);

      writer.write('&', '#', static_cast<char_t>((ch / 10) + '0'), static_cast<char_t>((ch % 10) + '0'), ';');
    }
    }
  }
}

PUGI__FN void text_output(xml_buffered_writer& writer, const char_t* s, chartypex_t type, unsigned int flags)
{
  if (flags & format_no_escapes)
    writer.write(s);
  else
    text_output_escaped(writer, s, type);
}

PUGI__FN void text_output_cdata(xml_buffered_writer& writer, const char_t* s)
{
  do {
    writer.write('<', '!', '[', 'C', 'D');
    writer.write('A', 'T', 'A', '[');

    const char_t* prev = s;

    // look for ]]> sequence - we can't output it as is since it terminates CDATA
    while (*s && !(s[0] == ']' && s[1] == ']' && s[2] == '>')) ++s;

    // skip ]] if we stopped at ]]>, > will go to the next CDATA section
    if (*s) s += 2;

    writer.write(prev, static_cast<size_t>(s - prev));

    writer.write(']', ']', '>');
  } while (*s);
}

PUGI__FN void node_output_attributes(xml_buffered_writer& writer, const xml_node& node, unsigned int flags)
{
  const char_t* default_name = PUGIXML_TEXT(":anonymous");

  for (xml_attribute a = node.first_attribute(); a; a = a.next_attribute()) {
    writer.write(' ');
    writer.write(a.name()[0] ? a.name() : default_name);
    writer.write('=', '"');

    text_output(writer, a.value(), ctx_special_attr, flags);

    writer.write('"');
  }
}

PUGI__FN void node_output(xml_buffered_writer& writer, const xml_node& node, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, unsigned int depth)
{
  const char_t* default_name = PUGIXML_TEXT(":anonymous");

  if ((flags & format_indent) != 0 && (flags & format_raw) == 0)
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < depth; ++i) writer.write(indent);

  switch (node.type()) {
  case node_document: {
    for (xml_node n = node.first_child(); n; n = n.next_sibling())
      node_output(writer, n, indent, flags, depth);
    break;
  }

  case node_element: {
    const char_t* name = node.name()[0] ? node.name() : default_name;

    writer.write('<');
    writer.write(name);

    node_output_attributes(writer, node, flags);

    if (flags & format_raw) {
      if (!node.first_child())
        writer.write(' ', '/', '>');
      else {
        writer.write('>');

        for (xml_node n = node.first_child(); n; n = n.next_sibling())
          node_output(writer, n, indent, flags, depth + 1);

        writer.write('<', '/');
        writer.write(name);
        writer.write('>');
      }
    } else if (!node.first_child())
      writer.write(' ', '/', '>', '\n');
    else if (node.first_child() == node.last_child() && (node.first_child().type() == node_pcdata || node.first_child().type() == node_cdata)) {
      writer.write('>');

      if (node.first_child().type() == node_pcdata)
        text_output(writer, node.first_child().value(), ctx_special_pcdata, flags);
      else
        text_output_cdata(writer, node.first_child().value());

      writer.write('<', '/');
      writer.write(name);
      writer.write('>', '\n');
    } else {
      writer.write('>', '\n');

      for (xml_node n = node.first_child(); n; n = n.next_sibling())
        node_output(writer, n, indent, flags, depth + 1);

      if ((flags & format_indent) != 0 && (flags & format_raw) == 0)
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < depth; ++i) writer.write(indent);

      writer.write('<', '/');
      writer.write(name);
      writer.write('>', '\n');
    }

    break;
  }

  case node_pcdata:
    text_output(writer, node.value(), ctx_special_pcdata, flags);
    if ((flags & format_raw) == 0) writer.write('\n');
    break;

  case node_cdata:
    text_output_cdata(writer, node.value());
    if ((flags & format_raw) == 0) writer.write('\n');
    break;

  case node_comment:
    writer.write('<', '!', '-', '-');
    writer.write(node.value());
    writer.write('-', '-', '>');
    if ((flags & format_raw) == 0) writer.write('\n');
    break;

  case node_pi:
  case node_declaration:
    writer.write('<', '?');
    writer.write(node.name()[0] ? node.name() : default_name);

    if (node.type() == node_declaration) {
      node_output_attributes(writer, node, flags);
    } else if (node.value()[0]) {
      writer.write(' ');
      writer.write(node.value());
    }

    writer.write('?', '>');
    if ((flags & format_raw) == 0) writer.write('\n');
    break;

  case node_doctype:
    writer.write('<', '!', 'D', 'O', 'C');
    writer.write('T', 'Y', 'P', 'E');

    if (node.value()[0]) {
      writer.write(' ');
      writer.write(node.value());
    }

    writer.write('>');
    if ((flags & format_raw) == 0) writer.write('\n');
    break;

  default:
    assert(!"Invalid node type");
  }
}

inline bool has_declaration(const xml_node& node)
{
  for (xml_node child = node.first_child(); child; child = child.next_sibling()) {
    xml_node_type type = child.type();

    if (type == node_declaration) return true;
    if (type == node_element) return false;
  }

  return false;
}

inline bool allow_insert_child(xml_node_type parent, xml_node_type child)
{
  if (parent != node_document && parent != node_element) return false;
  if (child == node_document || child == node_null) return false;
  if (parent != node_document && (child == node_declaration || child == node_doctype)) return false;

  return true;
}

PUGI__FN void recursive_copy_skip(xml_node& dest, const xml_node& source, const xml_node& skip)
{
  assert(dest.type() == source.type());

  switch (source.type()) {
  case node_element: {
    dest.set_name(source.name());

    for (xml_attribute a = source.first_attribute(); a; a = a.next_attribute())
      dest.append_attribute(a.name()).set_value(a.value());

    for (xml_node c = source.first_child(); c; c = c.next_sibling()) {
      if (c == skip) continue;

      xml_node cc = dest.append_child(c.type());
      assert(cc);

      recursive_copy_skip(cc, c, skip);
    }

    break;
  }

  case node_pcdata:
  case node_cdata:
  case node_comment:
  case node_doctype:
    dest.set_value(source.value());
    break;

  case node_pi:
    dest.set_name(source.name());
    dest.set_value(source.value());
    break;

  case node_declaration: {
    dest.set_name(source.name());

    for (xml_attribute a = source.first_attribute(); a; a = a.next_attribute())
      dest.append_attribute(a.name()).set_value(a.value());

    break;
  }

  default:
    assert(!"Invalid node type");
  }
}

inline bool is_text_node(xml_node_struct* node)
{
  xml_node_type type = static_cast<xml_node_type>((node->header & impl::xml_memory_page_type_mask) + 1);

  return type == node_pcdata || type == node_cdata;
}

// get value with conversion functions
PUGI__FN int get_value_int(const char_t* value, int def)
{
  if (!value) return def;

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  return static_cast<int>(wcstol(value, 0, 10));
#else
  return static_cast<int>(strtol(value, 0, 10));
#endif
}

PUGI__FN unsigned int get_value_uint(const char_t* value, unsigned int def)
{
  if (!value) return def;

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  return static_cast<unsigned int>(wcstoul(value, 0, 10));
#else
  return static_cast<unsigned int>(strtoul(value, 0, 10));
#endif
}

PUGI__FN double get_value_double(const char_t* value, double def)
{
  if (!value) return def;

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  return wcstod(value, 0);
#else
  return strtod(value, 0);
#endif
}

PUGI__FN float get_value_float(const char_t* value, float def)
{
  if (!value) return def;

#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  return static_cast<float>(wcstod(value, 0));
#else
  return static_cast<float>(strtod(value, 0));
#endif
}

PUGI__FN bool get_value_bool(const char_t* value, bool def)
{
  if (!value) return def;

  // only look at first char
  char_t first = *value;

  // 1*, t* (true), T* (True), y* (yes), Y* (YES)
  return (first == '1' || first == 't' || first == 'T' || first == 'y' || first == 'Y');
}

// set value with conversion functions
PUGI__FN bool set_value_buffer(char_t*& dest, uintptr_t& header, uintptr_t header_mask, char (&buf)[128])
{
#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  char_t wbuf[128];
  impl::widen_ascii(wbuf, buf);

  return strcpy_insitu(dest, header, header_mask, wbuf);
#else
  return strcpy_insitu(dest, header, header_mask, buf);
#endif
}

PUGI__FN bool set_value_convert(char_t*& dest, uintptr_t& header, uintptr_t header_mask, int value)
{
  char buf[128];
  sprintf(buf, "%d", value);

  return set_value_buffer(dest, header, header_mask, buf);
}

PUGI__FN bool set_value_convert(char_t*& dest, uintptr_t& header, uintptr_t header_mask, unsigned int value)
{
  char buf[128];
  sprintf(buf, "%u", value);

  return set_value_buffer(dest, header, header_mask, buf);
}

PUGI__FN bool set_value_convert(char_t*& dest, uintptr_t& header, uintptr_t header_mask, double value)
{
  char buf[128];
  sprintf(buf, "%g", value);

  return set_value_buffer(dest, header, header_mask, buf);
}

PUGI__FN bool set_value_convert(char_t*& dest, uintptr_t& header, uintptr_t header_mask, bool value)
{
  return strcpy_insitu(dest, header, header_mask, value ? PUGIXML_TEXT("true") : PUGIXML_TEXT("false"));
}

// we need to get length of entire file to load it in memory; the only (relatively) sane way to do it is via seek/tell trick
PUGI__FN xml_parse_status get_file_size(FILE* file, size_t& out_result)
{
#if defined(PUGI__MSVC_CRT_VERSION) && PUGI__MSVC_CRT_VERSION >= 1400 && !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
  // there are 64-bit versions of fseek/ftell, let's use them
  typedef __int64 length_type;

  _fseeki64(file, 0, SEEK_END);
  length_type length = _ftelli64(file);
  _fseeki64(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
#elif defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(__NO_MINGW_LFS) && !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
  // there are 64-bit versions of fseek/ftell, let's use them
  typedef off64_t length_type;

  fseeko64(file, 0, SEEK_END);
  length_type length = ftello64(file);
  fseeko64(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
#else
  // if this is a 32-bit OS, long is enough; if this is a unix system, long is 64-bit, which is enough; otherwise we can't do anything anyway.
  typedef long length_type;

  fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
  length_type length = ftell(file);
  fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
#endif

  // check for I/O errors
  if (length < 0) return status_io_error;

  // check for overflow
  size_t result = static_cast<size_t>(length);

  if (static_cast<length_type>(result) != length) return status_out_of_memory;

  // finalize
  out_result = result;

  return status_ok;
}

PUGI__FN xml_parse_result load_file_impl(xml_document& doc, FILE* file, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding)
{
  if (!file) return make_parse_result(status_file_not_found);

  // get file size (can result in I/O errors)
  size_t size = 0;
  xml_parse_status size_status = get_file_size(file, size);

  if (size_status != status_ok) {
    fclose(file);
    return make_parse_result(size_status);
  }

  // allocate buffer for the whole file
  char* contents = static_cast<char*>(xml_memory::allocate(size > 0 ? size : 1));

  if (!contents) {
    fclose(file);
    return make_parse_result(status_out_of_memory);
  }

  // read file in memory
  size_t read_size = fread(contents, 1, size, file);
  fclose(file);

  if (read_size != size) {
    xml_memory::deallocate(contents);
    return make_parse_result(status_io_error);
  }

  return doc.load_buffer_inplace_own(contents, size, options, encoding);
}

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
template <typename T> struct xml_stream_chunk {
  static xml_stream_chunk* create() {
    void* memory = xml_memory::allocate(sizeof(xml_stream_chunk));

    return new (memory) xml_stream_chunk();
  }

  static void destroy(void* ptr) {
    xml_stream_chunk* chunk = static_cast<xml_stream_chunk*>(ptr);

    // free chunk chain
    while (chunk) {
      xml_stream_chunk* next = chunk->next;
      xml_memory::deallocate(chunk);
      chunk = next;
    }
  }

  xml_stream_chunk(): next(0), size(0) {
  }

  xml_stream_chunk* next;
  size_t size;

  T data[xml_memory_page_size / sizeof(T)];
};

template <typename T> PUGI__FN xml_parse_status load_stream_data_noseek(std::basic_istream<T>& stream, void** out_buffer, size_t* out_size)
{
  buffer_holder chunks(0, xml_stream_chunk<T>::destroy);

  // read file to a chunk list
  size_t total = 0;
  xml_stream_chunk<T>* last = 0;

  while (!stream.eof()) {
    // allocate new chunk
    xml_stream_chunk<T>* chunk = xml_stream_chunk<T>::create();
    if (!chunk) return status_out_of_memory;

    // append chunk to list
    if (last) last = last->next = chunk;
    else chunks.data = last = chunk;

    // read data to chunk
    stream.read(chunk->data, static_cast<std::streamsize>(sizeof(chunk->data) / sizeof(T)));
    chunk->size = static_cast<size_t>(stream.gcount()) * sizeof(T);

    // read may set failbit | eofbit in case gcount() is less than read length, so check for other I/O errors
    if (stream.bad() || (!stream.eof() && stream.fail())) return status_io_error;

    // guard against huge files (chunk size is small enough to make this overflow check work)
    if (total + chunk->size < total) return status_out_of_memory;
    total += chunk->size;
  }

  // copy chunk list to a contiguous buffer
  char* buffer = static_cast<char*>(xml_memory::allocate(total));
  if (!buffer) return status_out_of_memory;

  char* write = buffer;

  for (xml_stream_chunk<T>* chunk = static_cast<xml_stream_chunk<T>*>(chunks.data); chunk; chunk = chunk->next) {
    assert(write + chunk->size <= buffer + total);
    memcpy(write, chunk->data, chunk->size);
    write += chunk->size;
  }

  assert(write == buffer + total);

  // return buffer
  *out_buffer = buffer;
  *out_size = total;

  return status_ok;
}

template <typename T> PUGI__FN xml_parse_status load_stream_data_seek(std::basic_istream<T>& stream, void** out_buffer, size_t* out_size)
{
  // get length of remaining data in stream
  typename std::basic_istream<T>::pos_type pos = stream.tellg();
  stream.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
  std::streamoff length = stream.tellg() - pos;
  stream.seekg(pos);

  if (stream.fail() || pos < 0) return status_io_error;

  // guard against huge files
  size_t read_length = static_cast<size_t>(length);

  if (static_cast<std::streamsize>(read_length) != length || length < 0) return status_out_of_memory;

  // read stream data into memory (guard against stream exceptions with buffer holder)
  buffer_holder buffer(xml_memory::allocate((read_length > 0 ? read_length : 1) * sizeof(T)), xml_memory::deallocate);
  if (!buffer.data) return status_out_of_memory;

  stream.read(static_cast<T*>(buffer.data), static_cast<std::streamsize>(read_length));

  // read may set failbit | eofbit in case gcount() is less than read_length (i.e. line ending conversion), so check for other I/O errors
  if (stream.bad() || (!stream.eof() && stream.fail())) return status_io_error;

  // return buffer
  size_t actual_length = static_cast<size_t>(stream.gcount());
  assert(actual_length <= read_length);

  *out_buffer = buffer.release();
  *out_size = actual_length * sizeof(T);

  return status_ok;
}

template <typename T> PUGI__FN xml_parse_result load_stream_impl(xml_document& doc, std::basic_istream<T>& stream, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding)
{
  void* buffer = 0;
  size_t size = 0;

  // load stream to memory (using seek-based implementation if possible, since it's faster and takes less memory)
  xml_parse_status status = (stream.tellg() < 0) ? load_stream_data_noseek(stream, &buffer, &size) : load_stream_data_seek(stream, &buffer, &size);
  if (status != status_ok) return make_parse_result(status);

  return doc.load_buffer_inplace_own(buffer, size, options, encoding);
}
#endif

#if defined(PUGI__MSVC_CRT_VERSION) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || (defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__))
PUGI__FN FILE* open_file_wide(const wchar_t* path, const wchar_t* mode)
{
  return _wfopen(path, mode);
}
#else
PUGI__FN char* convert_path_heap(const wchar_t* str)
{
  assert(str);

  // first pass: get length in utf8 characters
  size_t length = wcslen(str);
  size_t size = as_utf8_begin(str, length);

  // allocate resulting string
  char* result = static_cast<char*>(xml_memory::allocate(size + 1));
  if (!result) return 0;

  // second pass: convert to utf8
  as_utf8_end(result, size, str, length);

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN FILE* open_file_wide(const wchar_t* path, const wchar_t* mode)
{
  // there is no standard function to open wide paths, so our best bet is to try utf8 path
  char* path_utf8 = convert_path_heap(path);
  if (!path_utf8) return 0;

  // convert mode to ASCII (we mirror _wfopen interface)
  char mode_ascii[4] = {0};
  for (size_t i = 0; mode[i]; ++i) mode_ascii[i] = static_cast<char>(mode[i]);

  // try to open the utf8 path
  FILE* result = fopen(path_utf8, mode_ascii);

  // free dummy buffer
  xml_memory::deallocate(path_utf8);

  return result;
}
#endif

PUGI__FN bool save_file_impl(const xml_document& doc, FILE* file, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, xml_encoding encoding)
{
  if (!file) return false;

  xml_writer_file writer(file);
  doc.save(writer, indent, flags, encoding);

  int result = ferror(file);

  fclose(file);

  return result == 0;
}
PUGI__NS_END

namespace pugi
{
PUGI__FN xml_writer_file::xml_writer_file(void* file_): file(file_)
{
}

PUGI__FN void xml_writer_file::write(const void* data, size_t size)
{
  size_t result = fwrite(data, 1, size, static_cast<FILE*>(file));
  (void)!result; // unfortunately we can't do proper error handling here
}

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
PUGI__FN xml_writer_stream::xml_writer_stream(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& stream): narrow_stream(&stream), wide_stream(0)
{
}

PUGI__FN xml_writer_stream::xml_writer_stream(std::basic_ostream<wchar_t, std::char_traits<wchar_t> >& stream): narrow_stream(0), wide_stream(&stream)
{
}

PUGI__FN void xml_writer_stream::write(const void* data, size_t size)
{
  if (narrow_stream) {
    assert(!wide_stream);
    narrow_stream->write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data), static_cast<std::streamsize>(size));
  } else {
    assert(wide_stream);
    assert(size % sizeof(wchar_t) == 0);

    wide_stream->write(reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(data), static_cast<std::streamsize>(size / sizeof(wchar_t)));
  }
}
#endif

PUGI__FN xml_tree_walker::xml_tree_walker(): _depth(0)
{
}

PUGI__FN xml_tree_walker::~xml_tree_walker()
{
}

PUGI__FN int xml_tree_walker::depth() const
{
  return _depth;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_tree_walker::begin(xml_node&)
{
  return true;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_tree_walker::end(xml_node&)
{
  return true;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute::xml_attribute(): _attr(0)
{
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute::xml_attribute(xml_attribute_struct* attr): _attr(attr)
{
}

PUGI__FN static void unspecified_bool_xml_attribute(xml_attribute***)
{
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute::operator xml_attribute::unspecified_bool_type() const
{
  return _attr ? unspecified_bool_xml_attribute : 0;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute::operator!() const
{
  return !_attr;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute::operator==(const xml_attribute& r) const
{
  return (_attr == r._attr);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute::operator!=(const xml_attribute& r) const
{
  return (_attr != r._attr);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute::operator<(const xml_attribute& r) const
{
  return (_attr < r._attr);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute::operator>(const xml_attribute& r) const
{
  return (_attr > r._attr);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute::operator<=(const xml_attribute& r) const
{
  return (_attr <= r._attr);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute::operator>=(const xml_attribute& r) const
{
  return (_attr >= r._attr);
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute xml_attribute::next_attribute() const
{
  return _attr ? xml_attribute(_attr->next_attribute) : xml_attribute();
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute xml_attribute::previous_attribute() const
{
  return _attr && _attr->prev_attribute_c->next_attribute ? xml_attribute(_attr->prev_attribute_c) : xml_attribute();
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* xml_attribute::as_string(const char_t* def) const
{
  return (_attr && _attr->value) ? _attr->value : def;
}

PUGI__FN int xml_attribute::as_int(int def) const
{
  return impl::get_value_int(_attr ? _attr->value : 0, def);
}

PUGI__FN unsigned int xml_attribute::as_uint(unsigned int def) const
{
  return impl::get_value_uint(_attr ? _attr->value : 0, def);
}

PUGI__FN double xml_attribute::as_double(double def) const
{
  return impl::get_value_double(_attr ? _attr->value : 0, def);
}

PUGI__FN float xml_attribute::as_float(float def) const
{
  return impl::get_value_float(_attr ? _attr->value : 0, def);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute::as_bool(bool def) const
{
  return impl::get_value_bool(_attr ? _attr->value : 0, def);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute::empty() const
{
  return !_attr;
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* xml_attribute::name() const
{
  return (_attr && _attr->name) ? _attr->name : PUGIXML_TEXT("");
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* xml_attribute::value() const
{
  return (_attr && _attr->value) ? _attr->value : PUGIXML_TEXT("");
}

PUGI__FN size_t xml_attribute::hash_value() const
{
  return static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(_attr) / sizeof(xml_attribute_struct));
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute_struct* xml_attribute::internal_object() const
{
  return _attr;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(const char_t* rhs)
{
  set_value(rhs);
  return *this;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(int rhs)
{
  set_value(rhs);
  return *this;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(unsigned int rhs)
{
  set_value(rhs);
  return *this;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(double rhs)
{
  set_value(rhs);
  return *this;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute::operator=(bool rhs)
{
  set_value(rhs);
  return *this;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute::set_name(const char_t* rhs)
{
  if (!_attr) return false;

  return impl::strcpy_insitu(_attr->name, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask, rhs);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(const char_t* rhs)
{
  if (!_attr) return false;

  return impl::strcpy_insitu(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(int rhs)
{
  if (!_attr) return false;

  return impl::set_value_convert(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(unsigned int rhs)
{
  if (!_attr) return false;

  return impl::set_value_convert(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(double rhs)
{
  if (!_attr) return false;

  return impl::set_value_convert(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute::set_value(bool rhs)
{
  if (!_attr) return false;

  return impl::set_value_convert(_attr->value, _attr->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs);
}

#ifdef __BORLANDC__
PUGI__FN bool operator&&(const xml_attribute& lhs, bool rhs)
{
  return (bool)lhs && rhs;
}

PUGI__FN bool operator||(const xml_attribute& lhs, bool rhs)
{
  return (bool)lhs || rhs;
}
#endif

PUGI__FN xml_node::xml_node(): _root(0)
{
}

PUGI__FN xml_node::xml_node(xml_node_struct* p): _root(p)
{
}

PUGI__FN static void unspecified_bool_xml_node(xml_node***)
{
}

PUGI__FN xml_node::operator xml_node::unspecified_bool_type() const
{
  return _root ? unspecified_bool_xml_node : 0;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node::operator!() const
{
  return !_root;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node::iterator xml_node::begin() const
{
  return iterator(_root ? _root->first_child : 0, _root);
}

PUGI__FN xml_node::iterator xml_node::end() const
{
  return iterator(0, _root);
}

PUGI__FN xml_node::attribute_iterator xml_node::attributes_begin() const
{
  return attribute_iterator(_root ? _root->first_attribute : 0, _root);
}

PUGI__FN xml_node::attribute_iterator xml_node::attributes_end() const
{
  return attribute_iterator(0, _root);
}

PUGI__FN xml_object_range<xml_node_iterator> xml_node::children() const
{
  return xml_object_range<xml_node_iterator>(begin(), end());
}

PUGI__FN xml_object_range<xml_named_node_iterator> xml_node::children(const char_t* name_) const
{
  return xml_object_range<xml_named_node_iterator>(xml_named_node_iterator(child(name_), name_), xml_named_node_iterator());
}

PUGI__FN xml_object_range<xml_attribute_iterator> xml_node::attributes() const
{
  return xml_object_range<xml_attribute_iterator>(attributes_begin(), attributes_end());
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node::operator==(const xml_node& r) const
{
  return (_root == r._root);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node::operator!=(const xml_node& r) const
{
  return (_root != r._root);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node::operator<(const xml_node& r) const
{
  return (_root < r._root);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node::operator>(const xml_node& r) const
{
  return (_root > r._root);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node::operator<=(const xml_node& r) const
{
  return (_root <= r._root);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node::operator>=(const xml_node& r) const
{
  return (_root >= r._root);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node::empty() const
{
  return !_root;
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* xml_node::name() const
{
  return (_root && _root->name) ? _root->name : PUGIXML_TEXT("");
}

PUGI__FN xml_node_type xml_node::type() const
{
  return _root ? static_cast<xml_node_type>((_root->header & impl::xml_memory_page_type_mask) + 1) : node_null;
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* xml_node::value() const
{
  return (_root && _root->value) ? _root->value : PUGIXML_TEXT("");
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::child(const char_t* name_) const
{
  if (!_root) return xml_node();

  for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->first_child; i; i = i->next_sibling)
    if (i->name && impl::strequal(name_, i->name)) return xml_node(i);

  return xml_node();
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute xml_node::attribute(const char_t* name_) const
{
  if (!_root) return xml_attribute();

  for (xml_attribute_struct* i = _root->first_attribute; i; i = i->next_attribute)
    if (i->name && impl::strequal(name_, i->name))
      return xml_attribute(i);

  return xml_attribute();
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::next_sibling(const char_t* name_) const
{
  if (!_root) return xml_node();

  for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->next_sibling; i; i = i->next_sibling)
    if (i->name && impl::strequal(name_, i->name)) return xml_node(i);

  return xml_node();
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::next_sibling() const
{
  if (!_root) return xml_node();

  if (_root->next_sibling) return xml_node(_root->next_sibling);
  else return xml_node();
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::previous_sibling(const char_t* name_) const
{
  if (!_root) return xml_node();

  for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->prev_sibling_c; i->next_sibling; i = i->prev_sibling_c)
    if (i->name && impl::strequal(name_, i->name)) return xml_node(i);

  return xml_node();
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::previous_sibling() const
{
  if (!_root) return xml_node();

  if (_root->prev_sibling_c->next_sibling) return xml_node(_root->prev_sibling_c);
  else return xml_node();
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::parent() const
{
  return _root ? xml_node(_root->parent) : xml_node();
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::root() const
{
  if (!_root) return xml_node();

  impl::xml_memory_page* page = reinterpret_cast<impl::xml_memory_page*>(_root->header & impl::xml_memory_page_pointer_mask);

  return xml_node(static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(page->allocator));
}

PUGI__FN xml_text xml_node::text() const
{
  return xml_text(_root);
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* xml_node::child_value() const
{
  if (!_root) return PUGIXML_TEXT("");

  for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->first_child; i; i = i->next_sibling)
    if (i->value && impl::is_text_node(i))
      return i->value;

  return PUGIXML_TEXT("");
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* xml_node::child_value(const char_t* name_) const
{
  return child(name_).child_value();
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute xml_node::first_attribute() const
{
  return _root ? xml_attribute(_root->first_attribute) : xml_attribute();
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute xml_node::last_attribute() const
{
  return _root && _root->first_attribute ? xml_attribute(_root->first_attribute->prev_attribute_c) : xml_attribute();
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::first_child() const
{
  return _root ? xml_node(_root->first_child) : xml_node();
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::last_child() const
{
  return _root && _root->first_child ? xml_node(_root->first_child->prev_sibling_c) : xml_node();
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node::set_name(const char_t* rhs)
{
  switch (type()) {
  case node_pi:
  case node_declaration:
  case node_element:
    return impl::strcpy_insitu(_root->name, _root->header, impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask, rhs);

  default:
    return false;
  }
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node::set_value(const char_t* rhs)
{
  switch (type()) {
  case node_pi:
  case node_cdata:
  case node_pcdata:
  case node_comment:
  case node_doctype:
    return impl::strcpy_insitu(_root->value, _root->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs);

  default:
    return false;
  }
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute xml_node::append_attribute(const char_t* name_)
{
  if (type() != node_element && type() != node_declaration) return xml_attribute();

  xml_attribute a(impl::append_attribute_ll(_root, impl::get_allocator(_root)));
  a.set_name(name_);

  return a;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute xml_node::prepend_attribute(const char_t* name_)
{
  if (type() != node_element && type() != node_declaration) return xml_attribute();

  xml_attribute a(impl::allocate_attribute(impl::get_allocator(_root)));
  if (!a) return xml_attribute();

  a.set_name(name_);

  xml_attribute_struct* head = _root->first_attribute;

  if (head) {
    a._attr->prev_attribute_c = head->prev_attribute_c;
    head->prev_attribute_c = a._attr;
  } else
    a._attr->prev_attribute_c = a._attr;

  a._attr->next_attribute = head;
  _root->first_attribute = a._attr;

  return a;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute xml_node::insert_attribute_before(const char_t* name_, const xml_attribute& attr)
{
  if ((type() != node_element && type() != node_declaration) || attr.empty()) return xml_attribute();

  // check that attribute belongs to *this
  xml_attribute_struct* cur = attr._attr;

  while (cur->prev_attribute_c->next_attribute) cur = cur->prev_attribute_c;

  if (cur != _root->first_attribute) return xml_attribute();

  xml_attribute a(impl::allocate_attribute(impl::get_allocator(_root)));
  if (!a) return xml_attribute();

  a.set_name(name_);

  if (attr._attr->prev_attribute_c->next_attribute)
    attr._attr->prev_attribute_c->next_attribute = a._attr;
  else
    _root->first_attribute = a._attr;

  a._attr->prev_attribute_c = attr._attr->prev_attribute_c;
  a._attr->next_attribute = attr._attr;
  attr._attr->prev_attribute_c = a._attr;

  return a;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute xml_node::insert_attribute_after(const char_t* name_, const xml_attribute& attr)
{
  if ((type() != node_element && type() != node_declaration) || attr.empty()) return xml_attribute();

  // check that attribute belongs to *this
  xml_attribute_struct* cur = attr._attr;

  while (cur->prev_attribute_c->next_attribute) cur = cur->prev_attribute_c;

  if (cur != _root->first_attribute) return xml_attribute();

  xml_attribute a(impl::allocate_attribute(impl::get_allocator(_root)));
  if (!a) return xml_attribute();

  a.set_name(name_);

  if (attr._attr->next_attribute)
    attr._attr->next_attribute->prev_attribute_c = a._attr;
  else
    _root->first_attribute->prev_attribute_c = a._attr;

  a._attr->next_attribute = attr._attr->next_attribute;
  a._attr->prev_attribute_c = attr._attr;
  attr._attr->next_attribute = a._attr;

  return a;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute xml_node::append_copy(const xml_attribute& proto)
{
  if (!proto) return xml_attribute();

  xml_attribute result = append_attribute(proto.name());
  result.set_value(proto.value());

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute xml_node::prepend_copy(const xml_attribute& proto)
{
  if (!proto) return xml_attribute();

  xml_attribute result = prepend_attribute(proto.name());
  result.set_value(proto.value());

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute xml_node::insert_copy_after(const xml_attribute& proto, const xml_attribute& attr)
{
  if (!proto) return xml_attribute();

  xml_attribute result = insert_attribute_after(proto.name(), attr);
  result.set_value(proto.value());

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute xml_node::insert_copy_before(const xml_attribute& proto, const xml_attribute& attr)
{
  if (!proto) return xml_attribute();

  xml_attribute result = insert_attribute_before(proto.name(), attr);
  result.set_value(proto.value());

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::append_child(xml_node_type type_)
{
  if (!impl::allow_insert_child(this->type(), type_)) return xml_node();

  xml_node n(impl::append_node(_root, impl::get_allocator(_root), type_));

  if (type_ == node_declaration) n.set_name(PUGIXML_TEXT("xml"));

  return n;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::prepend_child(xml_node_type type_)
{
  if (!impl::allow_insert_child(this->type(), type_)) return xml_node();

  xml_node n(impl::allocate_node(impl::get_allocator(_root), type_));
  if (!n) return xml_node();

  n._root->parent = _root;

  xml_node_struct* head = _root->first_child;

  if (head) {
    n._root->prev_sibling_c = head->prev_sibling_c;
    head->prev_sibling_c = n._root;
  } else
    n._root->prev_sibling_c = n._root;

  n._root->next_sibling = head;
  _root->first_child = n._root;

  if (type_ == node_declaration) n.set_name(PUGIXML_TEXT("xml"));

  return n;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::insert_child_before(xml_node_type type_, const xml_node& node)
{
  if (!impl::allow_insert_child(this->type(), type_)) return xml_node();
  if (!node._root || node._root->parent != _root) return xml_node();

  xml_node n(impl::allocate_node(impl::get_allocator(_root), type_));
  if (!n) return xml_node();

  n._root->parent = _root;

  if (node._root->prev_sibling_c->next_sibling)
    node._root->prev_sibling_c->next_sibling = n._root;
  else
    _root->first_child = n._root;

  n._root->prev_sibling_c = node._root->prev_sibling_c;
  n._root->next_sibling = node._root;
  node._root->prev_sibling_c = n._root;

  if (type_ == node_declaration) n.set_name(PUGIXML_TEXT("xml"));

  return n;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::insert_child_after(xml_node_type type_, const xml_node& node)
{
  if (!impl::allow_insert_child(this->type(), type_)) return xml_node();
  if (!node._root || node._root->parent != _root) return xml_node();

  xml_node n(impl::allocate_node(impl::get_allocator(_root), type_));
  if (!n) return xml_node();

  n._root->parent = _root;

  if (node._root->next_sibling)
    node._root->next_sibling->prev_sibling_c = n._root;
  else
    _root->first_child->prev_sibling_c = n._root;

  n._root->next_sibling = node._root->next_sibling;
  n._root->prev_sibling_c = node._root;
  node._root->next_sibling = n._root;

  if (type_ == node_declaration) n.set_name(PUGIXML_TEXT("xml"));

  return n;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::append_child(const char_t* name_)
{
  xml_node result = append_child(node_element);

  result.set_name(name_);

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::prepend_child(const char_t* name_)
{
  xml_node result = prepend_child(node_element);

  result.set_name(name_);

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::insert_child_after(const char_t* name_, const xml_node& node)
{
  xml_node result = insert_child_after(node_element, node);

  result.set_name(name_);

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::insert_child_before(const char_t* name_, const xml_node& node)
{
  xml_node result = insert_child_before(node_element, node);

  result.set_name(name_);

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::append_copy(const xml_node& proto)
{
  xml_node result = append_child(proto.type());

  if (result) impl::recursive_copy_skip(result, proto, result);

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::prepend_copy(const xml_node& proto)
{
  xml_node result = prepend_child(proto.type());

  if (result) impl::recursive_copy_skip(result, proto, result);

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::insert_copy_after(const xml_node& proto, const xml_node& node)
{
  xml_node result = insert_child_after(proto.type(), node);

  if (result) impl::recursive_copy_skip(result, proto, result);

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::insert_copy_before(const xml_node& proto, const xml_node& node)
{
  xml_node result = insert_child_before(proto.type(), node);

  if (result) impl::recursive_copy_skip(result, proto, result);

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node::remove_attribute(const char_t* name_)
{
  return remove_attribute(attribute(name_));
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node::remove_attribute(const xml_attribute& a)
{
  if (!_root || !a._attr) return false;

  // check that attribute belongs to *this
  xml_attribute_struct* attr = a._attr;

  while (attr->prev_attribute_c->next_attribute) attr = attr->prev_attribute_c;

  if (attr != _root->first_attribute) return false;

  if (a._attr->next_attribute) a._attr->next_attribute->prev_attribute_c = a._attr->prev_attribute_c;
  else if (_root->first_attribute) _root->first_attribute->prev_attribute_c = a._attr->prev_attribute_c;

  if (a._attr->prev_attribute_c->next_attribute) a._attr->prev_attribute_c->next_attribute = a._attr->next_attribute;
  else _root->first_attribute = a._attr->next_attribute;

  impl::destroy_attribute(a._attr, impl::get_allocator(_root));

  return true;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node::remove_child(const char_t* name_)
{
  return remove_child(child(name_));
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node::remove_child(const xml_node& n)
{
  if (!_root || !n._root || n._root->parent != _root) return false;

  if (n._root->next_sibling) n._root->next_sibling->prev_sibling_c = n._root->prev_sibling_c;
  else if (_root->first_child) _root->first_child->prev_sibling_c = n._root->prev_sibling_c;

  if (n._root->prev_sibling_c->next_sibling) n._root->prev_sibling_c->next_sibling = n._root->next_sibling;
  else _root->first_child = n._root->next_sibling;

  impl::destroy_node(n._root, impl::get_allocator(_root));

  return true;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::find_child_by_attribute(const char_t* name_, const char_t* attr_name, const char_t* attr_value) const
{
  if (!_root) return xml_node();

  for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->first_child; i; i = i->next_sibling)
    if (i->name && impl::strequal(name_, i->name)) {
      for (xml_attribute_struct* a = i->first_attribute; a; a = a->next_attribute)
        if (impl::strequal(attr_name, a->name) && impl::strequal(attr_value, a->value))
          return xml_node(i);
    }

  return xml_node();
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::find_child_by_attribute(const char_t* attr_name, const char_t* attr_value) const
{
  if (!_root) return xml_node();

  for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->first_child; i; i = i->next_sibling)
    for (xml_attribute_struct* a = i->first_attribute; a; a = a->next_attribute)
      if (impl::strequal(attr_name, a->name) && impl::strequal(attr_value, a->value))
        return xml_node(i);

  return xml_node();
}

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
PUGI__FN string_t xml_node::path(char_t delimiter) const
{
  xml_node cursor = *this; // Make a copy.

  string_t result = cursor.name();

  while (cursor.parent()) {
    cursor = cursor.parent();

    string_t temp = cursor.name();
    temp += delimiter;
    temp += result;
    result.swap(temp);
  }

  return result;
}
#endif

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_node::first_element_by_path(const char_t* path_, char_t delimiter) const
{
  xml_node found = *this; // Current search context.

  if (!_root || !path_ || !path_[0]) return found;

  if (path_[0] == delimiter) {
    // Absolute path; e.g. '/foo/bar'
    found = found.root();
    ++path_;
  }

  const char_t* path_segment = path_;

  while (*path_segment == delimiter) ++path_segment;

  const char_t* path_segment_end = path_segment;

  while (*path_segment_end && *path_segment_end != delimiter) ++path_segment_end;

  if (path_segment == path_segment_end) return found;

  const char_t* next_segment = path_segment_end;

  while (*next_segment == delimiter) ++next_segment;

  if (*path_segment == '.' && path_segment + 1 == path_segment_end)
    return found.first_element_by_path(next_segment, delimiter);
  else if (*path_segment == '.' && *(path_segment+1) == '.' && path_segment + 2 == path_segment_end)
    return found.parent().first_element_by_path(next_segment, delimiter);
  else {
    for (xml_node_struct* j = found._root->first_child; j; j = j->next_sibling) {
      if (j->name && impl::strequalrange(j->name, path_segment, static_cast<size_t>(path_segment_end - path_segment))) {
        xml_node subsearch = xml_node(j).first_element_by_path(next_segment, delimiter);

        if (subsearch) return subsearch;
      }
    }

    return xml_node();
  }
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node::traverse(xml_tree_walker& walker)
{
  walker._depth = -1;

  xml_node arg_begin = *this;
  if (!walker.begin(arg_begin)) return false;

  xml_node cur = first_child();

  if (cur) {
    ++walker._depth;

    do {
      xml_node arg_for_each = cur;
      if (!walker.for_each(arg_for_each))
        return false;

      if (cur.first_child()) {
        ++walker._depth;
        cur = cur.first_child();
      } else if (cur.next_sibling())
        cur = cur.next_sibling();
      else {
        // Borland C++ workaround
        while (!cur.next_sibling() && cur != *this && !cur.parent().empty()) {
          --walker._depth;
          cur = cur.parent();
        }

        if (cur != *this)
          cur = cur.next_sibling();
      }
    } while (cur && cur != *this);
  }

  assert(walker._depth == -1);

  xml_node arg_end = *this;
  return walker.end(arg_end);
}

PUGI__FN size_t xml_node::hash_value() const
{
  return static_cast<size_t>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(_root) / sizeof(xml_node_struct));
}

PUGI__FN xml_node_struct* xml_node::internal_object() const
{
  return _root;
}

PUGI__FN void xml_node::print(xml_writer& writer, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, xml_encoding encoding, unsigned int depth) const
{
  if (!_root) return;

  impl::xml_buffered_writer buffered_writer(writer, encoding);

  impl::node_output(buffered_writer, *this, indent, flags, depth);
}

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
PUGI__FN void xml_node::print(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& stream, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, xml_encoding encoding, unsigned int depth) const
{
  xml_writer_stream writer(stream);

  print(writer, indent, flags, encoding, depth);
}

PUGI__FN void xml_node::print(std::basic_ostream<wchar_t, std::char_traits<wchar_t> >& stream, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, unsigned int depth) const
{
  xml_writer_stream writer(stream);

  print(writer, indent, flags, encoding_wchar, depth);
}
#endif

PUGI__FN ptrdiff_t xml_node::offset_debug() const
{
  xml_node_struct* r = root()._root;

  if (!r) return -1;

  const char_t* buffer = static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(r)->buffer;

  if (!buffer) return -1;

  switch (type()) {
  case node_document:
    return 0;

  case node_element:
  case node_declaration:
  case node_pi:
    return (_root->header & impl::xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask) ? -1 : _root->name - buffer;

  case node_pcdata:
  case node_cdata:
  case node_comment:
  case node_doctype:
    return (_root->header & impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask) ? -1 : _root->value - buffer;

  default:
    return -1;
  }
}

#ifdef __BORLANDC__
PUGI__FN bool operator&&(const xml_node& lhs, bool rhs)
{
  return (bool)lhs && rhs;
}

PUGI__FN bool operator||(const xml_node& lhs, bool rhs)
{
  return (bool)lhs || rhs;
}
#endif

PUGI__FN xml_text::xml_text(xml_node_struct* root): _root(root)
{
}

PUGI__FN xml_node_struct* xml_text::_data() const
{
  if (!_root || impl::is_text_node(_root)) return _root;

  for (xml_node_struct* node = _root->first_child; node; node = node->next_sibling)
    if (impl::is_text_node(node))
      return node;

  return 0;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node_struct* xml_text::_data_new()
{
  xml_node_struct* d = _data();
  if (d) return d;

  return xml_node(_root).append_child(node_pcdata).internal_object();
}

PUGI__FN xml_text::xml_text(): _root(0)
{
}

PUGI__FN static void unspecified_bool_xml_text(xml_text***)
{
}

PUGI__FN xml_text::operator xml_text::unspecified_bool_type() const
{
  return _data() ? unspecified_bool_xml_text : 0;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_text::operator!() const
{
  return !_data();
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_text::empty() const
{
  return _data() == 0;
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* xml_text::get() const
{
  xml_node_struct* d = _data();

  return (d && d->value) ? d->value : PUGIXML_TEXT("");
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* xml_text::as_string(const char_t* def) const
{
  xml_node_struct* d = _data();

  return (d && d->value) ? d->value : def;
}

PUGI__FN int xml_text::as_int(int def) const
{
  xml_node_struct* d = _data();

  return impl::get_value_int(d ? d->value : 0, def);
}

PUGI__FN unsigned int xml_text::as_uint(unsigned int def) const
{
  xml_node_struct* d = _data();

  return impl::get_value_uint(d ? d->value : 0, def);
}

PUGI__FN double xml_text::as_double(double def) const
{
  xml_node_struct* d = _data();

  return impl::get_value_double(d ? d->value : 0, def);
}

PUGI__FN float xml_text::as_float(float def) const
{
  xml_node_struct* d = _data();

  return impl::get_value_float(d ? d->value : 0, def);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_text::as_bool(bool def) const
{
  xml_node_struct* d = _data();

  return impl::get_value_bool(d ? d->value : 0, def);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_text::set(const char_t* rhs)
{
  xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

  return dn ? impl::strcpy_insitu(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs) : false;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_text::set(int rhs)
{
  xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

  return dn ? impl::set_value_convert(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs) : false;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_text::set(unsigned int rhs)
{
  xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

  return dn ? impl::set_value_convert(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs) : false;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_text::set(double rhs)
{
  xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

  return dn ? impl::set_value_convert(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs) : false;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_text::set(bool rhs)
{
  xml_node_struct* dn = _data_new();

  return dn ? impl::set_value_convert(dn->value, dn->header, impl::xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask, rhs) : false;
}

PUGI__FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(const char_t* rhs)
{
  set(rhs);
  return *this;
}

PUGI__FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(int rhs)
{
  set(rhs);
  return *this;
}

PUGI__FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(unsigned int rhs)
{
  set(rhs);
  return *this;
}

PUGI__FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(double rhs)
{
  set(rhs);
  return *this;
}

PUGI__FN xml_text& xml_text::operator=(bool rhs)
{
  set(rhs);
  return *this;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_text::data() const
{
  return xml_node(_data());
}

#ifdef __BORLANDC__
PUGI__FN bool operator&&(const xml_text& lhs, bool rhs)
{
  return (bool)lhs && rhs;
}

PUGI__FN bool operator||(const xml_text& lhs, bool rhs)
{
  return (bool)lhs || rhs;
}
#endif

PUGI__FN xml_node_iterator::xml_node_iterator()
{
}

PUGI__FN xml_node_iterator::xml_node_iterator(const xml_node& node): _wrap(node), _parent(node.parent())
{
}

PUGI__FN xml_node_iterator::xml_node_iterator(xml_node_struct* ref, xml_node_struct* parent): _wrap(ref), _parent(parent)
{
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node_iterator::operator==(const xml_node_iterator& rhs) const
{
  return _wrap._root == rhs._wrap._root && _parent._root == rhs._parent._root;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_node_iterator::operator!=(const xml_node_iterator& rhs) const
{
  return _wrap._root != rhs._wrap._root || _parent._root != rhs._parent._root;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node& xml_node_iterator::operator*() const
{
  assert(_wrap._root);
  return _wrap;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node* xml_node_iterator::operator->() const
{
  assert(_wrap._root);
  return const_cast<xml_node*>(&_wrap); // BCC32 workaround
}

PUGI__FN const xml_node_iterator& xml_node_iterator::operator++()
{
  assert(_wrap._root);
  _wrap._root = _wrap._root->next_sibling;
  return *this;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node_iterator xml_node_iterator::operator++(int)
{
  xml_node_iterator temp = *this;
  ++*this;
  return temp;
}

PUGI__FN const xml_node_iterator& xml_node_iterator::operator--()
{
  _wrap = _wrap._root ? _wrap.previous_sibling() : _parent.last_child();
  return *this;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node_iterator xml_node_iterator::operator--(int)
{
  xml_node_iterator temp = *this;
  --*this;
  return temp;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute_iterator::xml_attribute_iterator()
{
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute_iterator::xml_attribute_iterator(const xml_attribute& attr, const xml_node& parent): _wrap(attr), _parent(parent)
{
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute_iterator::xml_attribute_iterator(xml_attribute_struct* ref, xml_node_struct* parent): _wrap(ref), _parent(parent)
{
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute_iterator::operator==(const xml_attribute_iterator& rhs) const
{
  return _wrap._attr == rhs._wrap._attr && _parent._root == rhs._parent._root;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_attribute_iterator::operator!=(const xml_attribute_iterator& rhs) const
{
  return _wrap._attr != rhs._wrap._attr || _parent._root != rhs._parent._root;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute& xml_attribute_iterator::operator*() const
{
  assert(_wrap._attr);
  return _wrap;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute* xml_attribute_iterator::operator->() const
{
  assert(_wrap._attr);
  return const_cast<xml_attribute*>(&_wrap); // BCC32 workaround
}

PUGI__FN const xml_attribute_iterator& xml_attribute_iterator::operator++()
{
  assert(_wrap._attr);
  _wrap._attr = _wrap._attr->next_attribute;
  return *this;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute_iterator xml_attribute_iterator::operator++(int)
{
  xml_attribute_iterator temp = *this;
  ++*this;
  return temp;
}

PUGI__FN const xml_attribute_iterator& xml_attribute_iterator::operator--()
{
  _wrap = _wrap._attr ? _wrap.previous_attribute() : _parent.last_attribute();
  return *this;
}

PUGI__FN xml_attribute_iterator xml_attribute_iterator::operator--(int)
{
  xml_attribute_iterator temp = *this;
  --*this;
  return temp;
}

PUGI__FN xml_named_node_iterator::xml_named_node_iterator(): _name(0)
{
}

PUGI__FN xml_named_node_iterator::xml_named_node_iterator(const xml_node& node, const char_t* name): _node(node), _name(name)
{
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_named_node_iterator::operator==(const xml_named_node_iterator& rhs) const
{
  return _node == rhs._node;
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_named_node_iterator::operator!=(const xml_named_node_iterator& rhs) const
{
  return _node != rhs._node;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node& xml_named_node_iterator::operator*() const
{
  assert(_node._root);
  return _node;
}

PUGI__FN xml_node* xml_named_node_iterator::operator->() const
{
  assert(_node._root);
  return const_cast<xml_node*>(&_node); // BCC32 workaround
}

PUGI__FN const xml_named_node_iterator& xml_named_node_iterator::operator++()
{
  assert(_node._root);
  _node = _node.next_sibling(_name);
  return *this;
}

PUGI__FN xml_named_node_iterator xml_named_node_iterator::operator++(int)
{
  xml_named_node_iterator temp = *this;
  ++*this;
  return temp;
}

PUGI__FN xml_parse_result::xml_parse_result(): status(status_internal_error), offset(0), encoding(encoding_auto)
{
}

PUGI__FN xml_parse_result::operator bool() const
{
  return status == status_ok;
}

PUGI__FN const char* xml_parse_result::description() const
{
  switch (status) {
  case status_ok:
    return "No error";

  case status_file_not_found:
    return "File was not found";
  case status_io_error:
    return "Error reading from file/stream";
  case status_out_of_memory:
    return "Could not allocate memory";
  case status_internal_error:
    return "Internal error occurred";

  case status_unrecognized_tag:
    return "Could not determine tag type";

  case status_bad_pi:
    return "Error parsing document declaration/processing instruction";
  case status_bad_comment:
    return "Error parsing comment";
  case status_bad_cdata:
    return "Error parsing CDATA section";
  case status_bad_doctype:
    return "Error parsing document type declaration";
  case status_bad_pcdata:
    return "Error parsing PCDATA section";
  case status_bad_start_element:
    return "Error parsing start element tag";
  case status_bad_attribute:
    return "Error parsing element attribute";
  case status_bad_end_element:
    return "Error parsing end element tag";
  case status_end_element_mismatch:
    return "Start-end tags mismatch";

  default:
    return "Unknown error";
  }
}

PUGI__FN xml_document::xml_document(): _buffer(0)
{
  create();
}

PUGI__FN xml_document::~xml_document()
{
  destroy();
}

PUGI__FN void xml_document::reset()
{
  destroy();
  create();
}

PUGI__FN void xml_document::reset(const xml_document& proto)
{
  reset();

  for (xml_node cur = proto.first_child(); cur; cur = cur.next_sibling())
    append_copy(cur);
}

PUGI__FN void xml_document::create()
{
  // initialize sentinel page
  PUGI__STATIC_ASSERT(offsetof(impl::xml_memory_page, data) + sizeof(impl::xml_document_struct) + impl::xml_memory_page_alignment <= sizeof(_memory));

  // align upwards to page boundary
  void* page_memory = reinterpret_cast<void*>((reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(_memory) + (impl::xml_memory_page_alignment - 1)) & ~(impl::xml_memory_page_alignment - 1));

  // prepare page structure
  impl::xml_memory_page* page = impl::xml_memory_page::construct(page_memory);

  page->busy_size = impl::xml_memory_page_size;

  // allocate new root
  _root = new (page->data) impl::xml_document_struct(page);
  _root->prev_sibling_c = _root;

  // setup sentinel page
  page->allocator = static_cast<impl::xml_document_struct*>(_root);
}

PUGI__FN void xml_document::destroy()
{
  // destroy static storage
  if (_buffer) {
    impl::xml_memory::deallocate(_buffer);
    _buffer = 0;
  }

  // destroy dynamic storage, leave sentinel page (it's in static memory)
  if (_root) {
    impl::xml_memory_page* root_page = reinterpret_cast<impl::xml_memory_page*>(_root->header & impl::xml_memory_page_pointer_mask);
    assert(root_page && !root_page->prev && !root_page->memory);

    // destroy all pages
    for (impl::xml_memory_page* page = root_page->next; page; ) {
      impl::xml_memory_page* next = page->next;

      impl::xml_allocator::deallocate_page(page);

      page = next;
    }

    // cleanup root page
    root_page->allocator = 0;
    root_page->next = 0;
    root_page->busy_size = root_page->freed_size = 0;

    _root = 0;
  }
}

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
PUGI__FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load(std::basic_istream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& stream, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding)
{
  reset();

  return impl::load_stream_impl(*this, stream, options, encoding);
}

PUGI__FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load(std::basic_istream<wchar_t, std::char_traits<wchar_t> >& stream, unsigned int options)
{
  reset();

  return impl::load_stream_impl(*this, stream, options, encoding_wchar);
}
#endif

PUGI__FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load(const char_t* contents, unsigned int options)
{
  // Force native encoding (skip autodetection)
#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  xml_encoding encoding = encoding_wchar;
#else
  xml_encoding encoding = encoding_utf8;
#endif

  return load_buffer(contents, impl::strlength(contents) * sizeof(char_t), options, encoding);
}

PUGI__FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load_file(const char* path_, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding)
{
  reset();

  FILE* file = fopen(path_, "rb");

  return impl::load_file_impl(*this, file, options, encoding);
}

PUGI__FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load_file(const wchar_t* path_, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding)
{
  reset();

  FILE* file = impl::open_file_wide(path_, L"rb");

  return impl::load_file_impl(*this, file, options, encoding);
}

PUGI__FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load_buffer_impl(void* contents, size_t size, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding, bool is_mutable, bool own)
{
  reset();

  // check input buffer
  assert(contents || size == 0);

  // get actual encoding
  xml_encoding buffer_encoding = impl::get_buffer_encoding(encoding, contents, size);

  // get private buffer
  char_t* buffer = 0;
  size_t length = 0;

  if (!impl::convert_buffer(buffer, length, buffer_encoding, contents, size, is_mutable)) return impl::make_parse_result(status_out_of_memory);

  // delete original buffer if we performed a conversion
  if (own && buffer != contents && contents) impl::xml_memory::deallocate(contents);

  // parse
  xml_parse_result res = impl::xml_parser::parse(buffer, length, _root, options);

  // remember encoding
  res.encoding = buffer_encoding;

  // grab onto buffer if it's our buffer, user is responsible for deallocating contens himself
  if (own || buffer != contents) _buffer = buffer;

  return res;
}

PUGI__FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load_buffer(const void* contents, size_t size, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding)
{
  return load_buffer_impl(const_cast<void*>(contents), size, options, encoding, false, false);
}

PUGI__FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load_buffer_inplace(void* contents, size_t size, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding)
{
  return load_buffer_impl(contents, size, options, encoding, true, false);
}

PUGI__FN xml_parse_result xml_document::load_buffer_inplace_own(void* contents, size_t size, unsigned int options, xml_encoding encoding)
{
  return load_buffer_impl(contents, size, options, encoding, true, true);
}

PUGI__FN void xml_document::save(xml_writer& writer, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, xml_encoding encoding) const
{
  impl::xml_buffered_writer buffered_writer(writer, encoding);

  if ((flags & format_write_bom) && encoding != encoding_latin1) {
    // BOM always represents the codepoint U+FEFF, so just write it in native encoding
#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
    unsigned int bom = 0xfeff;
    buffered_writer.write(static_cast<wchar_t>(bom));
#else
    buffered_writer.write('\xef', '\xbb', '\xbf');
#endif
  }

  if (!(flags & format_no_declaration) && !impl::has_declaration(*this)) {
    buffered_writer.write(PUGIXML_TEXT("<?xml version=\"1.0\""));
    if (encoding == encoding_latin1) buffered_writer.write(PUGIXML_TEXT(" encoding=\"ISO-8859-1\""));
    buffered_writer.write('?', '>');
    if (!(flags & format_raw)) buffered_writer.write('\n');
  }

  impl::node_output(buffered_writer, *this, indent, flags, 0);
}

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
PUGI__FN void xml_document::save(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& stream, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, xml_encoding encoding) const
{
  xml_writer_stream writer(stream);

  save(writer, indent, flags, encoding);
}

PUGI__FN void xml_document::save(std::basic_ostream<wchar_t, std::char_traits<wchar_t> >& stream, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags) const
{
  xml_writer_stream writer(stream);

  save(writer, indent, flags, encoding_wchar);
}
#endif

PUGI__FN bool xml_document::save_file(const char* path_, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, xml_encoding encoding) const
{
  FILE* file = fopen(path_, (flags & format_save_file_text) ? "w" : "wb");
  return impl::save_file_impl(*this, file, indent, flags, encoding);
}

PUGI__FN bool xml_document::save_file(const wchar_t* path_, const char_t* indent, unsigned int flags, xml_encoding encoding) const
{
  FILE* file = impl::open_file_wide(path_, (flags & format_save_file_text) ? L"w" : L"wb");
  return impl::save_file_impl(*this, file, indent, flags, encoding);
}

PUGI__FN xml_node xml_document::document_element() const
{
  for (xml_node_struct* i = _root->first_child; i; i = i->next_sibling)
    if ((i->header & impl::xml_memory_page_type_mask) + 1 == node_element)
      return xml_node(i);

  return xml_node();
}

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_STL
PUGI__FN std::string PUGIXML_FUNCTION as_utf8(const wchar_t* str)
{
  assert(str);

  return impl::as_utf8_impl(str, wcslen(str));
}

PUGI__FN std::string PUGIXML_FUNCTION as_utf8(const std::basic_string<wchar_t>& str)
{
  return impl::as_utf8_impl(str.c_str(), str.size());
}

PUGI__FN std::basic_string<wchar_t> PUGIXML_FUNCTION as_wide(const char* str)
{
  assert(str);

  return impl::as_wide_impl(str, strlen(str));
}

PUGI__FN std::basic_string<wchar_t> PUGIXML_FUNCTION as_wide(const std::string& str)
{
  return impl::as_wide_impl(str.c_str(), str.size());
}
#endif

PUGI__FN void PUGIXML_FUNCTION set_memory_management_functions(allocation_function allocate, deallocation_function deallocate)
{
  impl::xml_memory::allocate = allocate;
  impl::xml_memory::deallocate = deallocate;
}

PUGI__FN allocation_function PUGIXML_FUNCTION get_memory_allocation_function()
{
  return impl::xml_memory::allocate;
}

PUGI__FN deallocation_function PUGIXML_FUNCTION get_memory_deallocation_function()
{
  return impl::xml_memory::deallocate;
}
}

#if !defined(PUGIXML_NO_STL) && (defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__ICC))
namespace std
{
// Workarounds for (non-standard) iterator category detection for older versions (MSVC7/IC8 and earlier)
PUGI__FN std::bidirectional_iterator_tag _Iter_cat(const pugi::xml_node_iterator&)
{
  return std::bidirectional_iterator_tag();
}

PUGI__FN std::bidirectional_iterator_tag _Iter_cat(const pugi::xml_attribute_iterator&)
{
  return std::bidirectional_iterator_tag();
}

PUGI__FN std::forward_iterator_tag _Iter_cat(const pugi::xml_named_node_iterator&)
{
  return std::forward_iterator_tag();
}
}
#endif

#if !defined(PUGIXML_NO_STL) && defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
namespace std
{
// Workarounds for (non-standard) iterator category detection
PUGI__FN std::bidirectional_iterator_tag __iterator_category(const pugi::xml_node_iterator&)
{
  return std::bidirectional_iterator_tag();
}

PUGI__FN std::bidirectional_iterator_tag __iterator_category(const pugi::xml_attribute_iterator&)
{
  return std::bidirectional_iterator_tag();
}

PUGI__FN std::forward_iterator_tag __iterator_category(const pugi::xml_named_node_iterator&)
{
  return std::forward_iterator_tag();
}
}
#endif

#ifndef PUGIXML_NO_XPATH

// STL replacements
PUGI__NS_BEGIN
struct equal_to {
  template <typename T> bool operator()(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) const {
    return lhs == rhs;
  }
};

struct not_equal_to {
  template <typename T> bool operator()(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) const {
    return lhs != rhs;
  }
};

struct less {
  template <typename T> bool operator()(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) const {
    return lhs < rhs;
  }
};

struct less_equal {
  template <typename T> bool operator()(const T& lhs, const T& rhs) const {
    return lhs <= rhs;
  }
};

template <typename T> void swap(T& lhs, T& rhs)
{
  T temp = lhs;
  lhs = rhs;
  rhs = temp;
}

template <typename I, typename Pred> I min_element(I begin, I end, const Pred& pred)
{
  I result = begin;

  for (I it = begin + 1; it != end; ++it)
    if (pred(*it, *result))
      result = it;

  return result;
}

template <typename I> void reverse(I begin, I end)
{
  while (begin + 1 < end) swap(*begin++, *--end);
}

template <typename I> I unique(I begin, I end)
{
  // fast skip head
  while (begin + 1 < end && *begin != *(begin + 1)) begin++;

  if (begin == end) return begin;

  // last written element
  I write = begin++;

  // merge unique elements
  while (begin != end) {
    if (*begin != *write)
      *++write = *begin++;
    else
      begin++;
  }

  // past-the-end (write points to live element)
  return write + 1;
}

template <typename I> void copy_backwards(I begin, I end, I target)
{
  while (begin != end) *--target = *--end;
}

template <typename I, typename Pred, typename T> void insertion_sort(I begin, I end, const Pred& pred, T*)
{
  assert(begin != end);

  for (I it = begin + 1; it != end; ++it) {
    T val = *it;

    if (pred(val, *begin)) {
      // move to front
      copy_backwards(begin, it, it + 1);
      *begin = val;
    } else {
      I hole = it;

      // move hole backwards
      while (pred(val, *(hole - 1))) {
        *hole = *(hole - 1);
        hole--;
      }

      // fill hole with element
      *hole = val;
    }
  }
}

// std variant for elements with ==
template <typename I, typename Pred> void partition(I begin, I middle, I end, const Pred& pred, I* out_eqbeg, I* out_eqend)
{
  I eqbeg = middle, eqend = middle + 1;

  // expand equal range
  while (eqbeg != begin && *(eqbeg - 1) == *eqbeg) --eqbeg;
  while (eqend != end && *eqend == *eqbeg) ++eqend;

  // process outer elements
  I ltend = eqbeg, gtbeg = eqend;

  for (;;) {
    // find the element from the right side that belongs to the left one
    for (; gtbeg != end; ++gtbeg)
      if (!pred(*eqbeg, *gtbeg)) {
        if (*gtbeg == *eqbeg) swap(*gtbeg, *eqend++);
        else break;
      }

    // find the element from the left side that belongs to the right one
    for (; ltend != begin; --ltend)
      if (!pred(*(ltend - 1), *eqbeg)) {
        if (*eqbeg == *(ltend - 1)) swap(*(ltend - 1), *--eqbeg);
        else break;
      }

    // scanned all elements
    if (gtbeg == end && ltend == begin) {
      *out_eqbeg = eqbeg;
      *out_eqend = eqend;
      return;
    }

    // make room for elements by moving equal area
    if (gtbeg == end) {
      if (--ltend != --eqbeg) swap(*ltend, *eqbeg);
      swap(*eqbeg, *--eqend);
    } else if (ltend == begin) {
      if (eqend != gtbeg) swap(*eqbeg, *eqend);
      ++eqend;
      swap(*gtbeg++, *eqbeg++);
    } else swap(*gtbeg++, *--ltend);
  }
}

template <typename I, typename Pred> void median3(I first, I middle, I last, const Pred& pred)
{
  if (pred(*middle, *first)) swap(*middle, *first);
  if (pred(*last, *middle)) swap(*last, *middle);
  if (pred(*middle, *first)) swap(*middle, *first);
}

template <typename I, typename Pred> void median(I first, I middle, I last, const Pred& pred)
{
  if (last - first <= 40) {
    // median of three for small chunks
    median3(first, middle, last, pred);
  } else {
    // median of nine
    size_t step = (last - first + 1) / 8;

    median3(first, first + step, first + 2 * step, pred);
    median3(middle - step, middle, middle + step, pred);
    median3(last - 2 * step, last - step, last, pred);
    median3(first + step, middle, last - step, pred);
  }
}

template <typename I, typename Pred> void sort(I begin, I end, const Pred& pred)
{
  // sort large chunks
  while (end - begin > 32) {
    // find median element
    I middle = begin + (end - begin) / 2;
    median(begin, middle, end - 1, pred);

    // partition in three chunks (< = >)
    I eqbeg, eqend;
    partition(begin, middle, end, pred, &eqbeg, &eqend);

    // loop on larger half
    if (eqbeg - begin > end - eqend) {
      sort(eqend, end, pred);
      end = eqbeg;
    } else {
      sort(begin, eqbeg, pred);
      begin = eqend;
    }
  }

  // insertion sort small chunk
  if (begin != end) insertion_sort(begin, end, pred, &*begin);
}
PUGI__NS_END

// Allocator used for AST and evaluation stacks
PUGI__NS_BEGIN
struct xpath_memory_block {
  xpath_memory_block* next;

  char data[
#ifdef PUGIXML_MEMORY_XPATH_PAGE_SIZE
    PUGIXML_MEMORY_XPATH_PAGE_SIZE
#else
    4096
#endif
  ];
};

class xpath_allocator
{
  xpath_memory_block* _root;
  size_t _root_size;

public:
#ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
  jmp_buf* error_handler;
#endif

  xpath_allocator(xpath_memory_block* root, size_t root_size = 0): _root(root), _root_size(root_size) {
#ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
    error_handler = 0;
#endif
  }

  void* allocate_nothrow(size_t size) {
    const size_t block_capacity = sizeof(_root->data);

    // align size so that we're able to store pointers in subsequent blocks
    size = (size + sizeof(void*) - 1) & ~(sizeof(void*) - 1);

    if (_root_size + size <= block_capacity) {
      void* buf = _root->data + _root_size;
      _root_size += size;
      return buf;
    } else {
      size_t block_data_size = (size > block_capacity) ? size : block_capacity;
      size_t block_size = block_data_size + offsetof(xpath_memory_block, data);

      xpath_memory_block* block = static_cast<xpath_memory_block*>(xml_memory::allocate(block_size));
      if (!block) return 0;

      block->next = _root;

      _root = block;
      _root_size = size;

      return block->data;
    }
  }

  void* allocate(size_t size) {
    void* result = allocate_nothrow(size);

    if (!result) {
#ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
      assert(error_handler);
      longjmp(*error_handler, 1);
#else
      throw std::bad_alloc();
#endif
    }

    return result;
  }

  void* reallocate(void* ptr, size_t old_size, size_t new_size) {
    // align size so that we're able to store pointers in subsequent blocks
    old_size = (old_size + sizeof(void*) - 1) & ~(sizeof(void*) - 1);
    new_size = (new_size + sizeof(void*) - 1) & ~(sizeof(void*) - 1);

    // we can only reallocate the last object
    assert(ptr == 0 || static_cast<char*>(ptr) + old_size == _root->data + _root_size);

    // adjust root size so that we have not allocated the object at all
    bool only_object = (_root_size == old_size);

    if (ptr) _root_size -= old_size;

    // allocate a new version (this will obviously reuse the memory if possible)
    void* result = allocate(new_size);
    assert(result);

    // we have a new block
    if (result != ptr && ptr) {
      // copy old data
      assert(new_size > old_size);
      memcpy(result, ptr, old_size);

      // free the previous page if it had no other objects
      if (only_object) {
        assert(_root->data == result);
        assert(_root->next);

        xpath_memory_block* next = _root->next->next;

        if (next) {
          // deallocate the whole page, unless it was the first one
          xml_memory::deallocate(_root->next);
          _root->next = next;
        }
      }
    }

    return result;
  }

  void revert(const xpath_allocator& state) {
    // free all new pages
    xpath_memory_block* cur = _root;

    while (cur != state._root) {
      xpath_memory_block* next = cur->next;

      xml_memory::deallocate(cur);

      cur = next;
    }

    // restore state
    _root = state._root;
    _root_size = state._root_size;
  }

  void release() {
    xpath_memory_block* cur = _root;
    assert(cur);

    while (cur->next) {
      xpath_memory_block* next = cur->next;

      xml_memory::deallocate(cur);

      cur = next;
    }
  }
};

struct xpath_allocator_capture {
  xpath_allocator_capture(xpath_allocator* alloc): _target(alloc), _state(*alloc) {
  }

  ~xpath_allocator_capture() {
    _target->revert(_state);
  }

  xpath_allocator* _target;
  xpath_allocator _state;
};

struct xpath_stack {
  xpath_allocator* result;
  xpath_allocator* temp;
};

struct xpath_stack_data {
  xpath_memory_block blocks[2];
  xpath_allocator result;
  xpath_allocator temp;
  xpath_stack stack;

#ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
  jmp_buf error_handler;
#endif

  xpath_stack_data(): result(blocks + 0), temp(blocks + 1) {
    blocks[0].next = blocks[1].next = 0;

    stack.result = &result;
    stack.temp = &temp;

#ifdef PUGIXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
    result.error_handler = temp.error_handler = &error_handler;
#endif
  }

  ~xpath_stack_data() {
    result.release();
    temp.release();
  }
};
PUGI__NS_END

// String class
PUGI__NS_BEGIN
class xpath_string
{
  const char_t* _buffer;
  bool _uses_heap;

  static char_t* duplicate_string(const char_t* string, size_t length, xpath_allocator* alloc) {
    char_t* result = static_cast<char_t*>(alloc->allocate((length + 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
    assert(result);

    memcpy(result, string, length * sizeof(char_t));
    result[length] = 0;

    return result;
  }

  static char_t* duplicate_string(const char_t* string, xpath_allocator* alloc) {
    return duplicate_string(string, strlength(string), alloc);
  }

public:
  xpath_string(): _buffer(PUGIXML_TEXT("")), _uses_heap(false) {
  }

  explicit xpath_string(const char_t* str, xpath_allocator* alloc) {
    bool empty_ = (*str == 0);

    _buffer = empty_ ? PUGIXML_TEXT("") : duplicate_string(str, alloc);
    _uses_heap = !empty_;
  }

  explicit xpath_string(const char_t* str, bool use_heap): _buffer(str), _uses_heap(use_heap) {
  }

  xpath_string(const char_t* begin, const char_t* end, xpath_allocator* alloc) {
    assert(begin <= end);

    bool empty_ = (begin == end);

    _buffer = empty_ ? PUGIXML_TEXT("") : duplicate_string(begin, static_cast<size_t>(end - begin), alloc);
    _uses_heap = !empty_;
  }

  void append(const xpath_string& o, xpath_allocator* alloc) {
    // skip empty sources
    if (!*o._buffer) return;

    // fast append for constant empty target and constant source
    if (!*_buffer && !_uses_heap && !o._uses_heap) {
      _buffer = o._buffer;
    } else {
      // need to make heap copy
      size_t target_length = strlength(_buffer);
      size_t source_length = strlength(o._buffer);
      size_t result_length = target_length + source_length;

      // allocate new buffer
      char_t* result = static_cast<char_t*>(alloc->reallocate(_uses_heap ? const_cast<char_t*>(_buffer) : 0, (target_length + 1) * sizeof(char_t), (result_length + 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
      assert(result);

      // append first string to the new buffer in case there was no reallocation
      if (!_uses_heap) memcpy(result, _buffer, target_length * sizeof(char_t));

      // append second string to the new buffer
      memcpy(result + target_length, o._buffer, source_length * sizeof(char_t));
      result[result_length] = 0;

      // finalize
      _buffer = result;
      _uses_heap = true;
    }
  }

  const char_t* c_str() const {
    return _buffer;
  }

  size_t length() const {
    return strlength(_buffer);
  }

  char_t* data(xpath_allocator* alloc) {
    // make private heap copy
    if (!_uses_heap) {
      _buffer = duplicate_string(_buffer, alloc);
      _uses_heap = true;
    }

    return const_cast<char_t*>(_buffer);
  }

  bool empty() const {
    return *_buffer == 0;
  }

  bool operator==(const xpath_string& o) const {
    return strequal(_buffer, o._buffer);
  }

  bool operator!=(const xpath_string& o) const {
    return !strequal(_buffer, o._buffer);
  }

  bool uses_heap() const {
    return _uses_heap;
  }
};

PUGI__FN xpath_string xpath_string_const(const char_t* str)
{
  return xpath_string(str, false);
}
PUGI__NS_END

PUGI__NS_BEGIN
PUGI__FN bool starts_with(const char_t* string, const char_t* pattern)
{
  while (*pattern && *string == *pattern) {
    string++;
    pattern++;
  }

  return *pattern == 0;
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* find_char(const char_t* s, char_t c)
{
#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  return wcschr(s, c);
#else
  return strchr(s, c);
#endif
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* find_substring(const char_t* s, const char_t* p)
{
#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  // MSVC6 wcsstr bug workaround (if s is empty it always returns 0)
  return (*p == 0) ? s : wcsstr(s, p);
#else
  return strstr(s, p);
#endif
}

// Converts symbol to lower case, if it is an ASCII one
PUGI__FN char_t tolower_ascii(char_t ch)
{
  return static_cast<unsigned int>(ch - 'A') < 26 ? static_cast<char_t>(ch | ' ') : ch;
}

PUGI__FN xpath_string string_value(const xpath_node& na, xpath_allocator* alloc)
{
  if (na.attribute())
    return xpath_string_const(na.attribute().value());
  else {
    const xml_node& n = na.node();

    switch (n.type()) {
    case node_pcdata:
    case node_cdata:
    case node_comment:
    case node_pi:
      return xpath_string_const(n.value());

    case node_document:
    case node_element: {
      xpath_string result;

      xml_node cur = n.first_child();

      while (cur && cur != n) {
        if (cur.type() == node_pcdata || cur.type() == node_cdata)
          result.append(xpath_string_const(cur.value()), alloc);

        if (cur.first_child())
          cur = cur.first_child();
        else if (cur.next_sibling())
          cur = cur.next_sibling();
        else {
          while (!cur.next_sibling() && cur != n)
            cur = cur.parent();

          if (cur != n) cur = cur.next_sibling();
        }
      }

      return result;
    }

    default:
      return xpath_string();
    }
  }
}

PUGI__FN unsigned int node_height(xml_node n)
{
  unsigned int result = 0;

  while (n) {
    ++result;
    n = n.parent();
  }

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN bool node_is_before(xml_node ln, unsigned int lh, xml_node rn, unsigned int rh)
{
  // normalize heights
  for (unsigned int i = rh; i < lh; i++) ln = ln.parent();
  for (unsigned int j = lh; j < rh; j++) rn = rn.parent();

  // one node is the ancestor of the other
  if (ln == rn) return lh < rh;

  // find common ancestor
  while (ln.parent() != rn.parent()) {
    ln = ln.parent();
    rn = rn.parent();
  }

  // there is no common ancestor (the shared parent is null), nodes are from different documents
  if (!ln.parent()) return ln < rn;

  // determine sibling order
  for (; ln; ln = ln.next_sibling())
    if (ln == rn)
      return true;

  return false;
}

PUGI__FN bool node_is_ancestor(xml_node parent, xml_node node)
{
  while (node && node != parent) node = node.parent();

  return parent && node == parent;
}

PUGI__FN const void* document_order(const xpath_node& xnode)
{
  xml_node_struct* node = xnode.node().internal_object();

  if (node) {
    if (node->name && (node->header & xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask) == 0) return node->name;
    if (node->value && (node->header & xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask) == 0) return node->value;
    return 0;
  }

  xml_attribute_struct* attr = xnode.attribute().internal_object();

  if (attr) {
    if ((attr->header & xml_memory_page_name_allocated_mask) == 0) return attr->name;
    if ((attr->header & xml_memory_page_value_allocated_mask) == 0) return attr->value;
    return 0;
  }

  return 0;
}

struct document_order_comparator {
  bool operator()(const xpath_node& lhs, const xpath_node& rhs) const {
    // optimized document order based check
    const void* lo = document_order(lhs);
    const void* ro = document_order(rhs);

    if (lo && ro) return lo < ro;

    // slow comparison
    xml_node ln = lhs.node(), rn = rhs.node();

    // compare attributes
    if (lhs.attribute() && rhs.attribute()) {
      // shared parent
      if (lhs.parent() == rhs.parent()) {
        // determine sibling order
        for (xml_attribute a = lhs.attribute(); a; a = a.next_attribute())
          if (a == rhs.attribute())
            return true;

        return false;
      }

      // compare attribute parents
      ln = lhs.parent();
      rn = rhs.parent();
    } else if (lhs.attribute()) {
      // attributes go after the parent element
      if (lhs.parent() == rhs.node()) return false;

      ln = lhs.parent();
    } else if (rhs.attribute()) {
      // attributes go after the parent element
      if (rhs.parent() == lhs.node()) return true;

      rn = rhs.parent();
    }

    if (ln == rn) return false;

    unsigned int lh = node_height(ln);
    unsigned int rh = node_height(rn);

    return node_is_before(ln, lh, rn, rh);
  }
};

struct duplicate_comparator {
  bool operator()(const xpath_node& lhs, const xpath_node& rhs) const {
    if (lhs.attribute()) return rhs.attribute() ? lhs.attribute() < rhs.attribute() : true;
    else return rhs.attribute() ? false : lhs.node() < rhs.node();
  }
};

PUGI__FN double gen_nan()
{
#if defined(__STDC_IEC_559__) || ((FLT_RADIX - 0 == 2) && (FLT_MAX_EXP - 0 == 128) && (FLT_MANT_DIG - 0 == 24))
  union {
    float f;
    uint32_t i;
  } u[sizeof(float) == sizeof(uint32_t) ? 1 : -1];
  u[0].i = 0x7fc00000;
  return u[0].f;
#else
  // fallback
  const volatile double zero = 0.0;
  return zero / zero;
#endif
}

PUGI__FN bool is_nan(double value)
{
#if defined(PUGI__MSVC_CRT_VERSION) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
  return !!_isnan(value);
#elif defined(fpclassify) && defined(FP_NAN)
  return fpclassify(value) == FP_NAN;
#else
  // fallback
  const volatile double v = value;
  return v != v;
#endif
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* convert_number_to_string_special(double value)
{
#if defined(PUGI__MSVC_CRT_VERSION) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
  if (_finite(value)) return (value == 0) ? PUGIXML_TEXT("0") : 0;
  if (_isnan(value)) return PUGIXML_TEXT("NaN");
  return value > 0 ? PUGIXML_TEXT("Infinity") : PUGIXML_TEXT("-Infinity");
#elif defined(fpclassify) && defined(FP_NAN) && defined(FP_INFINITE) && defined(FP_ZERO)
  switch (fpclassify(value)) {
  case FP_NAN:
    return PUGIXML_TEXT("NaN");

  case FP_INFINITE:
    return value > 0 ? PUGIXML_TEXT("Infinity") : PUGIXML_TEXT("-Infinity");

  case FP_ZERO:
    return PUGIXML_TEXT("0");

  default:
    return 0;
  }
#else
  // fallback
  const volatile double v = value;

  if (v == 0) return PUGIXML_TEXT("0");
  if (v != v) return PUGIXML_TEXT("NaN");
  if (v * 2 == v) return value > 0 ? PUGIXML_TEXT("Infinity") : PUGIXML_TEXT("-Infinity");
  return 0;
#endif
}

PUGI__FN bool convert_number_to_boolean(double value)
{
  return (value != 0 && !is_nan(value));
}

PUGI__FN void truncate_zeros(char* begin, char* end)
{
  while (begin != end && end[-1] == '0') end--;

  *end = 0;
}

// gets mantissa digits in the form of 0.xxxxx with 0. implied and the exponent
#if defined(PUGI__MSVC_CRT_VERSION) && PUGI__MSVC_CRT_VERSION >= 1400 && !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
PUGI__FN void convert_number_to_mantissa_exponent(double value, char* buffer, size_t buffer_size, char** out_mantissa, int* out_exponent)
{
  // get base values
  int sign, exponent;
  _ecvt_s(buffer, buffer_size, value, DBL_DIG + 1, &exponent, &sign);

  // truncate redundant zeros
  truncate_zeros(buffer, buffer + strlen(buffer));

  // fill results
  *out_mantissa = buffer;
  *out_exponent = exponent;
}
#else
PUGI__FN void convert_number_to_mantissa_exponent(double value, char* buffer, size_t buffer_size, char** out_mantissa, int* out_exponent)
{
  // get a scientific notation value with IEEE DBL_DIG decimals
  sprintf(buffer, "%.*e", DBL_DIG, value);
  assert(strlen(buffer) < buffer_size);
  (void)!buffer_size;

  // get the exponent (possibly negative)
  char* exponent_string = strchr(buffer, 'e');
  assert(exponent_string);

  int exponent = atoi(exponent_string + 1);

  // extract mantissa string: skip sign
  char* mantissa = buffer[0] == '-' ? buffer + 1 : buffer;
  assert(mantissa[0] != '0' && mantissa[1] == '.');

  // divide mantissa by 10 to eliminate integer part
  mantissa[1] = mantissa[0];
  mantissa++;
  exponent++;

  // remove extra mantissa digits and zero-terminate mantissa
  truncate_zeros(mantissa, exponent_string);

  // fill results
  *out_mantissa = mantissa;
  *out_exponent = exponent;
}
#endif

PUGI__FN xpath_string convert_number_to_string(double value, xpath_allocator* alloc)
{
  // try special number conversion
  const char_t* special = convert_number_to_string_special(value);
  if (special) return xpath_string_const(special);

  // get mantissa + exponent form
  char mantissa_buffer[64];

  char* mantissa;
  int exponent;
  convert_number_to_mantissa_exponent(value, mantissa_buffer, sizeof(mantissa_buffer), &mantissa, &exponent);

  // make the number!
  char_t result[512];
  char_t* s = result;

  // sign
  if (value < 0) *s++ = '-';

  // integer part
  if (exponent <= 0) {
    *s++ = '0';
  } else {
    while (exponent > 0) {
      assert(*mantissa == 0 || static_cast<unsigned int>(*mantissa - '0') <= 9);
      *s++ = *mantissa ? *mantissa++ : '0';
      exponent--;
    }
  }

  // fractional part
  if (*mantissa) {
    // decimal point
    *s++ = '.';

    // extra zeroes from negative exponent
    while (exponent < 0) {
      *s++ = '0';
      exponent++;
    }

    // extra mantissa digits
    while (*mantissa) {
      assert(static_cast<unsigned int>(*mantissa - '0') <= 9);
      *s++ = *mantissa++;
    }
  }

  // zero-terminate
  assert(s < result + sizeof(result) / sizeof(result[0]));
  *s = 0;

  return xpath_string(result, alloc);
}

PUGI__FN bool check_string_to_number_format(const char_t* string)
{
  // parse leading whitespace
  while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*string, ct_space)) ++string;

  // parse sign
  if (*string == '-') ++string;

  if (!*string) return false;

  // if there is no integer part, there should be a decimal part with at least one digit
  if (!PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(string[0], ctx_digit) && (string[0] != '.' || !PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(string[1], ctx_digit))) return false;

  // parse integer part
  while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(*string, ctx_digit)) ++string;

  // parse decimal part
  if (*string == '.') {
    ++string;

    while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(*string, ctx_digit)) ++string;
  }

  // parse trailing whitespace
  while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*string, ct_space)) ++string;

  return *string == 0;
}

PUGI__FN double convert_string_to_number(const char_t* string)
{
  // check string format
  if (!check_string_to_number_format(string)) return gen_nan();

  // parse string
#ifdef PUGIXML_WCHAR_MODE
  return wcstod(string, 0);
#else
  return atof(string);
#endif
}

PUGI__FN bool convert_string_to_number(const char_t* begin, const char_t* end, double* out_result)
{
  char_t buffer[32];

  size_t length = static_cast<size_t>(end - begin);
  char_t* scratch = buffer;

  if (length >= sizeof(buffer) / sizeof(buffer[0])) {
    // need to make dummy on-heap copy
    scratch = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((length + 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
    if (!scratch) return false;
  }

  // copy string to zero-terminated buffer and perform conversion
  memcpy(scratch, begin, length * sizeof(char_t));
  scratch[length] = 0;

  *out_result = convert_string_to_number(scratch);

  // free dummy buffer
  if (scratch != buffer) xml_memory::deallocate(scratch);

  return true;
}

PUGI__FN double round_nearest(double value)
{
  return floor(value + 0.5);
}

PUGI__FN double round_nearest_nzero(double value)
{
  // same as round_nearest, but returns -0 for [-0.5, -0]
  // ceil is used to differentiate between +0 and -0 (we return -0 for [-0.5, -0] and +0 for +0)
  return (value >= -0.5 && value <= 0) ? ceil(value) : floor(value + 0.5);
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* qualified_name(const xpath_node& node)
{
  return node.attribute() ? node.attribute().name() : node.node().name();
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* local_name(const xpath_node& node)
{
  const char_t* name = qualified_name(node);
  const char_t* p = find_char(name, ':');

  return p ? p + 1 : name;
}

struct namespace_uri_predicate {
  const char_t* prefix;
  size_t prefix_length;

  namespace_uri_predicate(const char_t* name) {
    const char_t* pos = find_char(name, ':');

    prefix = pos ? name : 0;
    prefix_length = pos ? static_cast<size_t>(pos - name) : 0;
  }

  bool operator()(const xml_attribute& a) const {
    const char_t* name = a.name();

    if (!starts_with(name, PUGIXML_TEXT("xmlns"))) return false;

    return prefix ? name[5] == ':' && strequalrange(name + 6, prefix, prefix_length) : name[5] == 0;
  }
};

PUGI__FN const char_t* namespace_uri(const xml_node& node)
{
  namespace_uri_predicate pred = node.name();

  xml_node p = node;

  while (p) {
    xml_attribute a = p.find_attribute(pred);

    if (a) return a.value();

    p = p.parent();
  }

  return PUGIXML_TEXT("");
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* namespace_uri(const xml_attribute& attr, const xml_node& parent)
{
  namespace_uri_predicate pred = attr.name();

  // Default namespace does not apply to attributes
  if (!pred.prefix) return PUGIXML_TEXT("");

  xml_node p = parent;

  while (p) {
    xml_attribute a = p.find_attribute(pred);

    if (a) return a.value();

    p = p.parent();
  }

  return PUGIXML_TEXT("");
}

PUGI__FN const char_t* namespace_uri(const xpath_node& node)
{
  return node.attribute() ? namespace_uri(node.attribute(), node.parent()) : namespace_uri(node.node());
}

PUGI__FN void normalize_space(char_t* buffer)
{
  char_t* write = buffer;

  for (char_t* it = buffer; *it; ) {
    char_t ch = *it++;

    if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(ch, ct_space)) {
      // replace whitespace sequence with single space
      while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*it, ct_space)) it++;

      // avoid leading spaces
      if (write != buffer) *write++ = ' ';
    } else *write++ = ch;
  }

  // remove trailing space
  if (write != buffer && PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(write[-1], ct_space)) write--;

  // zero-terminate
  *write = 0;
}

PUGI__FN void translate(char_t* buffer, const char_t* from, const char_t* to)
{
  size_t to_length = strlength(to);

  char_t* write = buffer;

  while (*buffer) {
    PUGI__DMC_VOLATILE char_t ch = *buffer++;

    const char_t* pos = find_char(from, ch);

    if (!pos)
      *write++ = ch; // do not process
    else if (static_cast<size_t>(pos - from) < to_length)
      *write++ = to[pos - from]; // replace
  }

  // zero-terminate
  *write = 0;
}

struct xpath_variable_boolean: xpath_variable {
  xpath_variable_boolean(): value(false) {
  }

  bool value;
  char_t name[1];
};

struct xpath_variable_number: xpath_variable {
  xpath_variable_number(): value(0) {
  }

  double value;
  char_t name[1];
};

struct xpath_variable_string: xpath_variable {
  xpath_variable_string(): value(0) {
  }

  ~xpath_variable_string() {
    if (value) xml_memory::deallocate(value);
  }

  char_t* value;
  char_t name[1];
};

struct xpath_variable_node_set: xpath_variable {
  xpath_node_set value;
  char_t name[1];
};

static const xpath_node_set dummy_node_set;

PUGI__FN unsigned int hash_string(const char_t* str)
{
  // Jenkins one-at-a-time hash (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenkins_hash_function#one-at-a-time)
  unsigned int result = 0;

  while (*str) {
    result += static_cast<unsigned int>(*str++);
    result += result << 10;
    result ^= result >> 6;
  }

  result += result << 3;
  result ^= result >> 11;
  result += result << 15;

  return result;
}

template <typename T> PUGI__FN T* new_xpath_variable(const char_t* name)
{
  size_t length = strlength(name);
  if (length == 0) return 0; // empty variable names are invalid

  // $$ we can't use offsetof(T, name) because T is non-POD, so we just allocate additional length characters
  void* memory = xml_memory::allocate(sizeof(T) + length * sizeof(char_t));
  if (!memory) return 0;

  T* result = new (memory) T();

  memcpy(result->name, name, (length + 1) * sizeof(char_t));

  return result;
}

PUGI__FN xpath_variable* new_xpath_variable(xpath_value_type type, const char_t* name)
{
  switch (type) {
  case xpath_type_node_set:
    return new_xpath_variable<xpath_variable_node_set>(name);

  case xpath_type_number:
    return new_xpath_variable<xpath_variable_number>(name);

  case xpath_type_string:
    return new_xpath_variable<xpath_variable_string>(name);

  case xpath_type_boolean:
    return new_xpath_variable<xpath_variable_boolean>(name);

  default:
    return 0;
  }
}

template <typename T> PUGI__FN void delete_xpath_variable(T* var)
{
  var->~T();
  xml_memory::deallocate(var);
}

PUGI__FN void delete_xpath_variable(xpath_value_type type, xpath_variable* var)
{
  switch (type) {
  case xpath_type_node_set:
    delete_xpath_variable(static_cast<xpath_variable_node_set*>(var));
    break;

  case xpath_type_number:
    delete_xpath_variable(static_cast<xpath_variable_number*>(var));
    break;

  case xpath_type_string:
    delete_xpath_variable(static_cast<xpath_variable_string*>(var));
    break;

  case xpath_type_boolean:
    delete_xpath_variable(static_cast<xpath_variable_boolean*>(var));
    break;

  default:
    assert(!"Invalid variable type");
  }
}

PUGI__FN xpath_variable* get_variable(xpath_variable_set* set, const char_t* begin, const char_t* end)
{
  char_t buffer[32];

  size_t length = static_cast<size_t>(end - begin);
  char_t* scratch = buffer;

  if (length >= sizeof(buffer) / sizeof(buffer[0])) {
    // need to make dummy on-heap copy
    scratch = static_cast<char_t*>(xml_memory::allocate((length + 1) * sizeof(char_t)));
    if (!scratch) return 0;
  }

  // copy string to zero-terminated buffer and perform lookup
  memcpy(scratch, begin, length * sizeof(char_t));
  scratch[length] = 0;

  xpath_variable* result = set->get(scratch);

  // free dummy buffer
  if (scratch != buffer) xml_memory::deallocate(scratch);

  return result;
}
PUGI__NS_END

// Internal node set class
PUGI__NS_BEGIN
PUGI__FN xpath_node_set::type_t xpath_sort(xpath_node* begin, xpath_node* end, xpath_node_set::type_t type, bool rev)
{
  xpath_node_set::type_t order = rev ? xpath_node_set::type_sorted_reverse : xpath_node_set::type_sorted;

  if (type == xpath_node_set::type_unsorted) {
    sort(begin, end, document_order_comparator());

    type = xpath_node_set::type_sorted;
  }

  if (type != order) reverse(begin, end);

  return order;
}

PUGI__FN xpath_node xpath_first(const xpath_node* begin, const xpath_node* end, xpath_node_set::type_t type)
{
  if (begin == end) return xpath_node();

  switch (type) {
  case xpath_node_set::type_sorted:
    return *begin;

  case xpath_node_set::type_sorted_reverse:
    return *(end - 1);

  case xpath_node_set::type_unsorted:
    return *min_element(begin, end, document_order_comparator());

  default:
    assert(!"Invalid node set type");
    return xpath_node();
  }
}

class xpath_node_set_raw
{
  xpath_node_set::type_t _type;

  xpath_node* _begin;
  xpath_node* _end;
  xpath_node* _eos;

public:
  xpath_node_set_raw(): _type(xpath_node_set::type_unsorted), _begin(0), _end(0), _eos(0) {
  }

  xpath_node* begin() const {
    return _begin;
  }

  xpath_node* end() const {
    return _end;
  }

  bool empty() const {
    return _begin == _end;
  }

  size_t size() const {
    return static_cast<size_t>(_end - _begin);
  }

  xpath_node first() const {
    return xpath_first(_begin, _end, _type);
  }

  void push_back(const xpath_node& node, xpath_allocator* alloc) {
    if (_end == _eos) {
      size_t capacity = static_cast<size_t>(_eos - _begin);

      // get new capacity (1.5x rule)
      size_t new_capacity = capacity + capacity / 2 + 1;

      // reallocate the old array or allocate a new one
      xpath_node* data = static_cast<xpath_node*>(alloc->reallocate(_begin, capacity * sizeof(xpath_node), new_capacity * sizeof(xpath_node)));
      assert(data);

      // finalize
      _begin = data;
      _end = data + capacity;
      _eos = data + new_capacity;
    }

    *_end++ = node;
  }

  void append(const xpath_node* begin_, const xpath_node* end_, xpath_allocator* alloc) {
    size_t size_ = static_cast<size_t>(_end - _begin);
    size_t capacity = static_cast<size_t>(_eos - _begin);
    size_t count = static_cast<size_t>(end_ - begin_);

    if (size_ + count > capacity) {
      // reallocate the old array or allocate a new one
      xpath_node* data = static_cast<xpath_node*>(alloc->reallocate(_begin, capacity * sizeof(xpath_node), (size_ + count) * sizeof(xpath_node)));
      assert(data);

      // finalize
      _begin = data;
      _end = data + size_;
      _eos = data + size_ + count;
    }

    memcpy(_end, begin_, count * sizeof(xpath_node));
    _end += count;
  }

  void sort_do() {
    _type = xpath_sort(_begin, _end, _type, false);
  }

  void truncate(xpath_node* pos) {
    assert(_begin <= pos && pos <= _end);

    _end = pos;
  }

  void remove_duplicates() {
    if (_type == xpath_node_set::type_unsorted)
      sort(_begin, _end, duplicate_comparator());

    _end = unique(_begin, _end);
  }

  xpath_node_set::type_t type() const {
    return _type;
  }

  void set_type(xpath_node_set::type_t value) {
    _type = value;
  }
};
PUGI__NS_END

PUGI__NS_BEGIN
struct xpath_context {
  xpath_node n;
  size_t position, size;

  xpath_context(const xpath_node& n_, size_t position_, size_t size_): n(n_), position(position_), size(size_) {
  }
};

enum lexeme_t {
  lex_none = 0,
  lex_equal,
  lex_not_equal,
  lex_less,
  lex_greater,
  lex_less_or_equal,
  lex_greater_or_equal,
  lex_plus,
  lex_minus,
  lex_multiply,
  lex_union,
  lex_var_ref,
  lex_open_brace,
  lex_close_brace,
  lex_quoted_string,
  lex_number,
  lex_slash,
  lex_double_slash,
  lex_open_square_brace,
  lex_close_square_brace,
  lex_string,
  lex_comma,
  lex_axis_attribute,
  lex_dot,
  lex_double_dot,
  lex_double_colon,
  lex_eof
};

struct xpath_lexer_string {
  const char_t* begin;
  const char_t* end;

  xpath_lexer_string(): begin(0), end(0) {
  }

  bool operator==(const char_t* other) const {
    size_t length = static_cast<size_t>(end - begin);

    return strequalrange(other, begin, length);
  }
};

class xpath_lexer
{
  const char_t* _cur;
  const char_t* _cur_lexeme_pos;
  xpath_lexer_string _cur_lexeme_contents;

  lexeme_t _cur_lexeme;

public:
  explicit xpath_lexer(const char_t* query): _cur(query) {
    next();
  }

  const char_t* state() const {
    return _cur;
  }

  void next() {
    const char_t* cur = _cur;

    while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPE(*cur, ct_space)) ++cur;

    // save lexeme position for error reporting
    _cur_lexeme_pos = cur;

    switch (*cur) {
    case 0:
      _cur_lexeme = lex_eof;
      break;

    case '>':
      if (*(cur+1) == '=') {
        cur += 2;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_greater_or_equal;
      } else {
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_greater;
      }
      break;

    case '<':
      if (*(cur+1) == '=') {
        cur += 2;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_less_or_equal;
      } else {
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_less;
      }
      break;

    case '!':
      if (*(cur+1) == '=') {
        cur += 2;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_not_equal;
      } else {
        _cur_lexeme = lex_none;
      }
      break;

    case '=':
      cur += 1;
      _cur_lexeme = lex_equal;

      break;

    case '+':
      cur += 1;
      _cur_lexeme = lex_plus;

      break;

    case '-':
      cur += 1;
      _cur_lexeme = lex_minus;

      break;

    case '*':
      cur += 1;
      _cur_lexeme = lex_multiply;

      break;

    case '|':
      cur += 1;
      _cur_lexeme = lex_union;

      break;

    case '$':
      cur += 1;

      if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_start_symbol)) {
        _cur_lexeme_contents.begin = cur;

        while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_symbol)) cur++;

        if (cur[0] == ':' && PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(cur[1], ctx_symbol)) { // qname
          cur++; // :

          while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_symbol)) cur++;
        }

        _cur_lexeme_contents.end = cur;

        _cur_lexeme = lex_var_ref;
      } else {
        _cur_lexeme = lex_none;
      }

      break;

    case '(':
      cur += 1;
      _cur_lexeme = lex_open_brace;

      break;

    case ')':
      cur += 1;
      _cur_lexeme = lex_close_brace;

      break;

    case '[':
      cur += 1;
      _cur_lexeme = lex_open_square_brace;

      break;

    case ']':
      cur += 1;
      _cur_lexeme = lex_close_square_brace;

      break;

    case ',':
      cur += 1;
      _cur_lexeme = lex_comma;

      break;

    case '/':
      if (*(cur+1) == '/') {
        cur += 2;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_double_slash;
      } else {
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_slash;
      }
      break;

    case '.':
      if (*(cur+1) == '.') {
        cur += 2;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_double_dot;
      } else if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(*(cur+1), ctx_digit)) {
        _cur_lexeme_contents.begin = cur; // .

        ++cur;

        while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_digit)) cur++;

        _cur_lexeme_contents.end = cur;

        _cur_lexeme = lex_number;
      } else {
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_dot;
      }
      break;

    case '@':
      cur += 1;
      _cur_lexeme = lex_axis_attribute;

      break;

    case '"':
    case '\'': {
      char_t terminator = *cur;

      ++cur;

      _cur_lexeme_contents.begin = cur;
      while (*cur && *cur != terminator) cur++;
      _cur_lexeme_contents.end = cur;

      if (!*cur)
        _cur_lexeme = lex_none;
      else {
        cur += 1;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_quoted_string;
      }

      break;
    }

    case ':':
      if (*(cur+1) == ':') {
        cur += 2;
        _cur_lexeme = lex_double_colon;
      } else {
        _cur_lexeme = lex_none;
      }
      break;

    default:
      if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_digit)) {
        _cur_lexeme_contents.begin = cur;

        while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_digit)) cur++;

        if (*cur == '.') {
          cur++;

          while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_digit)) cur++;
        }

        _cur_lexeme_contents.end = cur;

        _cur_lexeme = lex_number;
      } else if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_start_symbol)) {
        _cur_lexeme_contents.begin = cur;

        while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_symbol)) cur++;

        if (cur[0] == ':') {
          if (cur[1] == '*') { // namespace test ncname:*
            cur += 2; // :*
          } else if (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(cur[1], ctx_symbol)) { // namespace test qname
            cur++; // :

            while (PUGI__IS_CHARTYPEX(*cur, ctx_symbol)) cur++;
          }
        }

        _cur_lexeme_contents.end = cur;

        _cur_lexeme = lex_string;
      } else {
        _cur_lexeme = lex_none;
      }
    }

    _cur = cur;
  }

  lexeme_t current() const {
    return _cur_lexeme;
  }

  const char_t* current_pos() const {
    return _cur_lexeme_pos;
  }

  const xpath_lexer_string& contents() const {
    assert(_cur_lexeme == lex_var_ref || _cur_lexeme == lex_number || _cur_lexeme == lex_string || _cur_lexeme == lex_quoted_string);

    return _cur_lexeme_contents;
  }
};

enum ast_type_t {
  ast_op_or,                                            // left or right
  ast_op_and,                                           // left and right
  ast_op_equal,                                 // left = right
  ast_op_not_equal,                             // left != right
  ast_op_less,                                  // left < right
  ast_op_greater,                                       // left > right
  ast_op_less_or_equal,                 // left <= right
  ast_op_greater_or_equal,              // left >= right
  ast_op_add,                                           // left + right
  ast_op_subtract,                              // left - right
  ast_op_multiply,                              // left * right
  ast_op_divide,                                        // left / right
  ast_op_mod,                                           // left % right
  ast_op_negate,                                        // left - right
  ast_op_union,                                 // left | right
  ast_predicate,                                        // apply predicate to set; next points to next predicate
  ast_filter,                                           // select * from left where right
  ast_filter_posinv,                            // select * from left where right; proximity position invariant
  ast_string_constant,                  // string constant
  ast_number_constant,                  // number constant
  ast_variable,                                 // variable
  ast_func_last,                                        // last()
  ast_func_position,                            // position()
  ast_func_count,                                       // count(left)
  ast_func_id,                                  // id(left)
  ast_func_local_name_0,                        // local-name()
  ast_func_local_name_1,                        // local-name(left)
  ast_func_namespace_uri_0,             // namespace-uri()
  ast_func_namespace_uri_1,             // namespace-uri(left)
  ast_func_name_0,                              // name()
  ast_func_name_1,                              // name(left)
  ast_func_string_0,                            // string()
  ast_func_string_1,                            // string(left)
  ast_func_concat,                              // concat(left, right, siblings)
  ast_func_starts_with,                 // starts_with(left, right)
  ast_func_contains,                            // contains(left, right)
  ast_func_substring_before,            // substring-before(left, right)
  ast_func_substring_after,             // substring-after(left, right)
  ast_func_substring_2,                 // substring(left, right)
  ast_func_substring_3,                 // substring(left, right, third)
  ast_func_string_length_0,             // string-length()
  ast_func_string_length_1,             // string-length(left)
  ast_func_normalize_space_0,           // normalize-space()
  ast_func_normalize_space_1,           // normalize-space(left)
  ast_func_translate,                           // translate(left, right, third)
  ast_func_boolean,                             // boolean(left)
  ast_func_not,                                 // not(left)
  ast_func_true,                                        // true()
  ast_func_false,                                       // false()
  ast_func_lang,                                        // lang(left)
  ast_func_number_0,                            // number()
  ast_func_number_1,                            // number(left)
  ast_func_sum,                                 // sum(left)
  ast_func_floor,                                       // floor(left)
  ast_func_ceiling,                             // ceiling(left)
  ast_func_round,                                       // round(left)
  ast_step,                                             // process set left with step
  ast_step_root                                 // select root node
};

enum axis_t {
  axis_ancestor,
  axis_ancestor_or_self,
  axis_attribute,
  axis_child,
  axis_descendant,
  axis_descendant_or_self,
  axis_following,
  axis_following_sibling,
  axis_namespace,
  axis_parent,
  axis_preceding,
  axis_preceding_sibling,
  axis_self
};

enum nodetest_t {
  nodetest_none,
  nodetest_name,
  nodetest_type_node,
  nodetest_type_comment,
  nodetest_type_pi,
  nodetest_type_text,
  nodetest_pi,
  nodetest_all,
  nodetest_all_in_namespace
};

template <axis_t N> struct axis_to_type {
  static const axis_t axis;
};

template <axis_t N> const axis_t axis_to_type<N>::axis = N;

class xpath_ast_node
{
private:
  // node type
  char _type;
  char _rettype;

  // for ast_step / ast_predicate
  char _axis;
  char _test;

  // tree node structure
  xpath_ast_node* _left;
  xpath_ast_node* _right;
  xpath_ast_node* _next;

  union {
    // value for ast_string_constant
    const char_t* string;
    // value for ast_number_constant
    double number;
    // variable for ast_variable
    xpath_variable* variable;
    // node test for ast_step (node name/namespace/node type/pi target)
    const char_t* nodetest;
  } _data;

  xpath_ast_node(const xpath_ast_node&);
  xpath_ast_node& operator=(const xpath_ast_node&);

  template <class Comp> static bool compare_eq(xpath_ast_node* lhs, xpath_ast_node* rhs, const xpath_context& c, const xpath_stack& stack, const Comp& comp) {
    xpath_value_type lt = lhs->rettype(), rt = rhs->rettype();

    if (lt != xpath_type_node_set && rt != xpath_type_node_set) {
      if (lt == xpath_type_boolean || rt == xpath_type_boolean)
        return comp(lhs->eval_boolean(c, stack), rhs->eval_boolean(c, stack));
      else if (lt == xpath_type_number || rt == xpath_type_number)
        return comp(lhs->eval_number(c, stack), rhs->eval_number(c, stack));
      else if (lt == xpath_type_string || rt == xpath_type_string) {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        xpath_string ls = lhs->eval_string(c, stack);
        xpath_string rs = rhs->eval_string(c, stack);

        return comp(ls, rs);
      }
    } else if (lt == xpath_type_node_set && rt == xpath_type_node_set) {
      xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

      xpath_node_set_raw ls = lhs->eval_node_set(c, stack);
      xpath_node_set_raw rs = rhs->eval_node_set(c, stack);

      for (const xpath_node* li = ls.begin(); li != ls.end(); ++li)
        for (const xpath_node* ri = rs.begin(); ri != rs.end(); ++ri) {
          xpath_allocator_capture cri(stack.result);

          if (comp(string_value(*li, stack.result), string_value(*ri, stack.result)))
            return true;
        }

      return false;
    } else {
      if (lt == xpath_type_node_set) {
        swap(lhs, rhs);
        swap(lt, rt);
      }

      if (lt == xpath_type_boolean)
        return comp(lhs->eval_boolean(c, stack), rhs->eval_boolean(c, stack));
      else if (lt == xpath_type_number) {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        double l = lhs->eval_number(c, stack);
        xpath_node_set_raw rs = rhs->eval_node_set(c, stack);

        for (const xpath_node* ri = rs.begin(); ri != rs.end(); ++ri) {
          xpath_allocator_capture cri(stack.result);

          if (comp(l, convert_string_to_number(string_value(*ri, stack.result).c_str())))
            return true;
        }

        return false;
      } else if (lt == xpath_type_string) {
        xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

        xpath_string l = lhs->eval_string(c, stack);
        xpath_node_set_raw rs = rhs->eval_node_set(c, stack);

        for (const xpath_node* ri = rs.begin(); ri != rs.end(); ++ri) {
          xpath_allocator_capture cri(stack.result);

          if (comp(l, string_value(*ri, stack.result)))
            return true;
        }

        return false;
      }
    }

    assert(!"Wrong types");
    return false;
  }

  template <class Comp> static bool compare_rel(xpath_ast_node* lhs, xpath_ast_node* rhs, const xpath_context& c, const xpath_stack& stack, const Comp& comp) {
    xpath_value_type lt = lhs->rettype(), rt = rhs->rettype();

    if (lt != xpath_type_node_set && rt != xpath_type_node_set)
      return comp(lhs->eval_number(c, stack), rhs->eval_number(c, stack));
    else if (lt == xpath_type_node_set && rt == xpath_type_node_set) {
      xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

      xpath_node_set_raw ls = lhs->eval_node_set(c, stack);
      xpath_node_set_raw rs = rhs->eval_node_set(c, stack);

      for (const xpath_node* li = ls.begin(); li != ls.end(); ++li) {
        xpath_allocator_capture cri(stack.result);

        double l = convert_string_to_number(string_value(*li, stack.result).c_str());

        for (const xpath_node* ri = rs.begin(); ri != rs.end(); ++ri) {
          xpath_allocator_capture crii(stack.result);

          if (comp(l, convert_string_to_number(string_value(*ri, stack.result).c_str())))
            return true;
        }
      }

      return false;
    } else if (lt != xpath_type_node_set && rt == xpath_type_node_set) {
      xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

      double l = lhs->eval_number(c, stack);
      xpath_node_set_raw rs = rhs->eval_node_set(c, stack);

      for (const xpath_node* ri = rs.begin(); ri != rs.end(); ++ri) {
        xpath_allocator_capture cri(stack.result);

        if (comp(l, convert_string_to_number(string_value(*ri, stack.result).c_str())))
          return true;
      }

      return false;
    } else if (lt == xpath_type_node_set && rt != xpath_type_node_set) {
      xpath_allocator_capture cr(stack.result);

      xpath_node_set_raw ls = lhs->eval_node_set(c, stack);
      double r = rhs->eval_number(c, stack);

      for (const xpath_node* li = ls.begin(); li != ls.end(); ++li) {
        xpath_allocator_capture cri(stack.result);

        if (comp(convert_string_to_number(string_value(*li, stack.result).c_str()), r))
          return true;
      }

      return false;
    } else {
      assert(!"Wrong types");
      return false;
    }
  }

  void apply_predicate(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, size_t first, xpath_ast_node* expr, const xpath_stack& stack) {
    assert(ns.size() >= first);

    size_t i = 1;
    size_t size = ns.size() - first;

    xpath_node* last = ns.begin() + first;

    // remove_if... or well, sort of
    for (xpath_node* it = last; it != ns.end(); ++it, ++i) {
      xpath_context c(*it, i, size);

      if (expr->rettype() == xpath_type_number) {
        if (expr->eval_number(c, stack) == i)
          *last++ = *it;
      } else if (expr->eval_boolean(c, stack))
        *last++ = *it;
    }

    ns.truncate(last);
  }

  void apply_predicates(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, size_t first, const xpath_stack& stack) {
    if (ns.size() == first) return;

    for (xpath_ast_node* pred = _right; pred; pred = pred->_next) {
      apply_predicate(ns, first, pred->_left, stack);
    }
  }

  void step_push(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, const xml_attribute& a, const xml_node& parent, xpath_allocator* alloc) {
    if (!a) return;

    const char_t* name = a.name();

    // There are no attribute nodes corresponding to attributes that declare namespaces
    // That is, "xmlns:..." or "xmlns"
    if (starts_with(name, PUGIXML_TEXT("xmlns")) && (name[5] == 0 || name[5] == ':')) return;

    switch (_test) {
    case nodetest_name:
      if (strequal(name, _data.nodetest)) ns.push_back(xpath_node(a, parent), alloc);
      break;

    case nodetest_type_node:
    case nodetest_all:
      ns.push_back(xpath_node(a, parent), alloc);
      break;

    case nodetest_all_in_namespace:
      if (starts_with(name, _data.nodetest))
        ns.push_back(xpath_node(a, parent), alloc);
      break;

    default:
      ;
    }
  }

  void step_push(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, const xml_node& n, xpath_allocator* alloc) {
    if (!n) return;

    switch (_test) {
    case nodetest_name:
      if (n.type() == node_element && strequal(n.name(), _data.nodetest)) ns.push_back(n, alloc);
      break;

    case nodetest_type_node:
      ns.push_back(n, alloc);
      break;

    case nodetest_type_comment:
      if (n.type() == node_comment)
        ns.push_back(n, alloc);
      break;

    case nodetest_type_text:
      if (n.type() == node_pcdata || n.type() == node_cdata)
        ns.push_back(n, alloc);
      break;

    case nodetest_type_pi:
      if (n.type() == node_pi)
        ns.push_back(n, alloc);
      break;

    case nodetest_pi:
      if (n.type() == node_pi && strequal(n.name(), _data.nodetest))
        ns.push_back(n, alloc);
      break;

    case nodetest_all:
      if (n.type() == node_element)
        ns.push_back(n, alloc);
      break;

    case nodetest_all_in_namespace:
      if (n.type() == node_element && starts_with(n.name(), _data.nodetest))
        ns.push_back(n, alloc);
      break;

    default:
      assert(!"Unknown axis");
    }
  }

  template <class T> void step_fill(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, const xml_node& n, xpath_allocator* alloc, T) {
    const axis_t axis = T::axis;

    switch (axis) {
    case axis_attribute: {
      for (xml_attribute a = n.first_attribute(); a; a = a.next_attribute())
        step_push(ns, a, n, alloc);

      break;
    }

    case axis_child: {
      for (xml_node c = n.first_child(); c; c = c.next_sibling())
        step_push(ns, c, alloc);

      break;
    }

    case axis_descendant:
    case axis_descendant_or_self: {
      if (axis == axis_descendant_or_self)
        step_push(ns, n, alloc);

      xml_node cur = n.first_child();

      while (cur && cur != n) {
        step_push(ns, cur, alloc);

        if (cur.first_child())
          cur = cur.first_child();
        else if (cur.next_sibling())
          cur = cur.next_sibling();
        else {
          while (!cur.next_sibling() && cur != n)
            cur = cur.parent();

          if (cur != n) cur = cur.next_sibling();
        }
      }

      break;
    }

    case axis_following_sibling: {
      for (xml_node c = n.next_sibling(); c; c = c.next_sibling())
        step_push(ns, c, alloc);

      break;
    }

    case axis_preceding_sibling: {
      for (xml_node c = n.previous_sibling(); c; c = c.previous_sibling())
        step_push(ns, c, alloc);

      break;
    }

    case axis_following: {
      xml_node cur = n;

      // exit from this node so that we don't include descendants
      while (cur && !cur.next_sibling()) cur = cur.parent();
      cur = cur.next_sibling();

      for (;;) {
        step_push(ns, cur, alloc);

        if (cur.first_child())
          cur = cur.first_child();
        else if (cur.next_sibling())
          cur = cur.next_sibling();
        else {
          while (cur && !cur.next_sibling()) cur = cur.parent();
          cur = cur.next_sibling();

          if (!cur) break;
        }
      }

      break;
    }

    case axis_preceding: {
      xml_node cur = n;

      while (cur && !cur.previous_sibling()) cur = cur.parent();
      cur = cur.previous_sibling();

      for (;;) {
        if (cur.last_child())
          cur = cur.last_child();
        else {
          // leaf node, can't be ancestor
          step_push(ns, cur, alloc);

          if (cur.previous_sibling())
            cur = cur.previous_sibling();
          else {
            do {
              cur = cur.parent();
              if (!cur) break;

              if (!node_is_ancestor(cur, n)) step_push(ns, cur, alloc);
            } while (!cur.previous_sibling());

            cur = cur.previous_sibling();

            if (!cur) break;
          }
        }
      }

      break;
    }

    case axis_ancestor:
    case axis_ancestor_or_self: {
      if (axis == axis_ancestor_or_self)
        step_push(ns, n, alloc);

      xml_node cur = n.parent();

      while (cur) {
        step_push(ns, cur, alloc);

        cur = cur.parent();
      }

      break;
    }

    case axis_self: {
      step_push(ns, n, alloc);

      break;
    }

    case axis_parent: {
      if (n.parent()) step_push(ns, n.parent(), alloc);

      break;
    }

    default:
      assert(!"Unimplemented axis");
    }
  }

  template <class T> void step_fill(xpath_node_set_raw& ns, const xml_attribute& a, const xml_node& p, xpath_allocator* alloc, T v) {
    const axis_t axis = T::axis;

    switch (axis) {
    case axis_ancestor:
    case axis_ancestor_or_self: {
      if (axis == axis_ancestor_or_self && _test == nodetest_type_node) // reject attributes based on principal node type test
        step_push(ns, a, p, alloc);

      xml_node cur = p;

      while (cur) {
        step_push(ns, cur, alloc);

        cur = cur.parent();
      }

      break;
    }

    case axis_descendant_or_self:
    case axis_self: {
      if (_test == nodetest_type_node) // reject attributes based on principal node type test
        step_push(ns, a, p, alloc);

      break;
    }

    case axis_following: {
      xml_node cur = p;

      for (;;) {
        if (cur.first_child())
          cur = cur.first_child();
        else if (cur.next_sibling())
          cur = cur.next_sibling();
        else {
          while (cur && !cur.next_sibling()) cur = cur.parent();
          cur = cur.next_sibling();

          if (!cur) break;
        }

        step_push(ns, cur, alloc);
      }

      break;
    }

    case axis_parent: {
      st